Drosophila Glue: A Promising Model for Bioadhesion

Monier, Manon; Courtier‐Orgogozo, Virginie

doi:10.3390/insects13080734

Cited by 8 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…Here we use recently published high quality assemblies of multiple species of Drosophila ies [23] to examine glue genes encoding secreted proteins produced by Drosophila larvae just before entering metamorphosis. These proteins make up a bioadhesive that allows the animal to attach itself to a surface for several days while it remains still [24]. Glue genes are also named Salivary gland secretion (Sgs) genes and in total eight glue genes have been identi ed in Drosophila melanogaster.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sgs1, Sgs3 and Eig71Ee encode for long, highly O-glycosylated proteins containing a large disordered region harboring repeat sequences rich in proline, serine and threonine [24]. The repeat region is characteristic of mucins, which usually form a mucus which can act as a physical barrier against mechanical damage or pathogens [26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The repeat region is characteristic of mucins, which usually form a mucus which can act as a physical barrier against mechanical damage or pathogens [26]. Sgs7 and Sgs8 genes encode for shorter and more ordered proteins that are rich in cysteine and devoid of internal repeats [24]. Drosophila glue is expected to have evolved to stick to various substrates in diverse environmental conditions [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sgs7 and Sgs8 genes encode for shorter and more ordered proteins that are rich in cysteine and devoid of internal repeats [24]. Drosophila glue is expected to have evolved to stick to various substrates in diverse environmental conditions [24]. In order to develop new bioadhesives based on our knowledge of Drosophila glue, it is important to assess the diversity of glue genes encoded by different Drosophila species and to identify key components of Drosophila glue.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evolutionary dynamics of glue gene copy number in Drosophila species

Monier

Nuez

Borne

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background During evolution, genes can experience duplications, losses, inversions and gene conversions. Why certain genes are more dynamic than others is poorly understood. Here we examine how several Sgs genes encoding glue proteins, which make up a bioadhesive that sticks the animal during metamorphosis, have evolved in Drosophila species. Results We examined high-quality genome assemblies of 24 Drosophila species to study the evolutionary dynamics of the Sgs1-Sgs3-Sgs7-Sgs8 family glue genes at an unprecedented resolution across approximately 30 millions of years. A total of 102 Sgs genes were annotated and grouped into 4 subfamilies. We present here a new nomenclature for Sgs genes based on protein sequence conservation, genomic location and presence/absence of internal repeats. Two types of glue genes were uncovered. The first category (Sgs1, Sgs3X, Sgs3e) experienced a few gene losses but no duplication, no local inversion and no gene conversion. The second group (Sgs3b, Sgs7, Sgs8) exhibited multiple events of gene losses, gene duplications, local inversions and gene conversions. Our data suggest that the presence of short "new glue" genes near the genes of the latter group may have accelerated their dynamics. Conclusions Our comparative analysis suggests that the evolutionary dynamics of glue genes is influenced by genomic context. Our molecular, phylogenetic and comparative analysis of the glue gene family Sgs1-Sgs3-Sgs7-Sgs8 provides the foundation for investigating the role of the various glue genes during Drosophila life.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evolutionary dynamics of glue gene copy number in Drosophila species

Monier

Nuez

Borne

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…The larval salivary gland of Drosophila melanogaster is an excellent and frequently used model system for the secretory granule biology research 10–12 . During larval development, some of these gland cells produce and secrete so‐called glue proteins required for attaching the forming pupa to a solid surface 10,13,14 . The tiny presecretory granules originate from the trans‐Golgi network (TGN) and then their homotypic fusion is activated 11,15 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental program‐independent secretory granule degradation in larval salivary gland cells of Drosophila

Csizmadia

Dósa

Farkas

et al. 2022

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Both constitutive and regulated secretion require cell organelles that are able to store and release the secretory cargo. During development, the larval salivary gland of Drosophila initially produces high amount of glue‐containing small immature secretory granules, which then fuse with each other and reach their normal 3–3.5 μm in size. Following the burst of secretion, obsolete glue granules directly fuse with late endosomes or lysosomes by a process called crinophagy, which leads to fast degradation and recycling of the secretory cargo. However, hindering of endosome‐to‐TGN retrograde transport in these cells causes abnormally small glue granules which are not able to fuse with each other. Here, we show that loss of function of the SNARE genes Syntaxin 16 (Syx16) and Synaptobrevin (Syb), the small GTPase Rab6 and the GARP tethering complex members Vps53 and Scattered (Vps54) all involved in retrograde transport cause intense early degradation of immature glue granules via crinophagy independently of the developmental program. Moreover, silencing of these genes also provokes secretory failure and accelerated crinophagy during larval development. Our results provide a better understanding of the relations among secretion, secretory granule maturation and degradation and paves the way for further investigation of these connections in other metazoans.

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Adhesive and mechanical properties of the glue produced by 25 Drosophila species

Monier,

Lorenzi,

Narasimha

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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Drosophila glue, a bioadhesive produced by fly larvae to attach themselves to a substrate for several days, has recently gained attention for its peculiar adhesive and mechanical properties. Although Drosophila glue production was described more than 50 years ago, a general survey of the adhesive and mechanical properties of this proteinaceous gel across Drosophila species is lacking. To measure adhesion, we present here a protocol that is robust to variations in protocol parameters, pupal age and calculation methods. We find that the glue, which covers the entire pupal surface, increases the animal rigidity and plasticity when bound to a glass slide. Our survey of pupal adhesion in 25 Drosophilidae species reveals a wide range of phenotypes, from species that produce no or little glue and adhere little, to species that produce high amounts of glue and adhere strongly. One species, D. hydei , stands out from the rest and emerges as a promising model for the development of future bioadhesives, as it has the highest detachment force per glue area and produces relatively large amounts of glue relative to its size. We also observe that species that invest more in glue tend to live in more windy and less rainy climates, suggesting that differences in pupal adhesion properties across species are shaped by ecological factors. Our present survey provides a basis for future biomimetic studies based on Drosophila glue.

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Drosophila Glue: A Promising Model for Bioadhesion

Cited by 8 publications

References 81 publications

Evolutionary dynamics of glue gene copy number in Drosophila species

Evolutionary dynamics of glue gene copy number in Drosophila species

Developmental program‐independent secretory granule degradation in larval salivary gland cells of Drosophila

Adhesive and mechanical properties of the glue produced by 25 Drosophila species

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