Drosophila Glutathione S‐Transferases

Identification, genomic organization, and oxidative stress response of a sigma class glutathione S-transferase gene (AccGSTS1) in the honey bee, Apis cerana cerana

“…Our previous study isolated one sigma class GST gene from the Chinese honey bee, AccGSTS4 (Yu et al 2012). In contrast, only one sigma class GST gene is found in the D. melanogaster genome (Tu and Akgul 2005) as well as the A. gambiae mosquito, with two distinct transcripts arising from alternative splicing (Ding et al 2003).…”

“…Based on sequence identity, the mammalian GSTs are grouped into the following seven classes: alpha, mu, pi, theta, sigma, omega, and zeta (Flanagan and Smythe 2011). In insects, this highly diverse gene family falls into six major subclasses, including sigma, omega, theta, zeta, and insectspecific delta and epsilon (Hayes et al 2005;Tu and Akgul 2005). GST enzymes exhibit remarkably broad and overlapping substrate specificities.…”

“…Because GST genes play important roles in detoxification pathways and the oxidative stress response, studies on GST resistance have been widely reported in insects, including Drosophila melanogaster Low et al 2007;Sawicki et al 2003;Tang and Tu 1994;Tu and Akgul 2005), Anopheles gambiae (Chen et al 2003;Ding et al 2003Ding et al , 2005Ranson et al 2000Ranson et al , 2001, and Bombyx mori (Yamamoto et al 2006;Yu et al 2008), but information about other important species is rather limited. Honey bees, which serve as an excellent model for social behavior research, are a major plant pollinator and thus play essential roles in agriculture and ecological balance.…”

Molecular docking of Anopheles gambiae and Aedes aegypti glutathione S-transferases epsilon 2 (GSTE2) against usnic acid: an evidence of glutathione conjugation

“…The main reaction catalyzed by the GSTs is the conjugation of the tripeptide glutathione (GSH) to a hydrophobic and cytotoxic compound, resulting in a new conjugate that is more soluble. In insects, there are six GSTs class described: Delta, Epsilon, Omega, Sigma, Theta and Zeta (Ding et al 2003;Tu and Akgul 2005). The epsilon class is arthropod specific and is involved in insecticide metabolism and resistance.…”

A Study of the Glutathione Transferase Proteome of Drosophila melanogaster: Use of S- Substituted Glutathiones as Affinity Ligands

“…In the works cited here, the number of GSTs positively identified is fourteen, only one third of the number possible (Tu & Agkul, 2005). This may reflect the modest expression of some isoforms.…”