Drought events determine performance of Quercus ilex seedlings and increase their susceptibility to Phytophthora cinnamomi

Corcobado, Tamara; Cubera, Elena; Juárez, Enrique; Moreno, Gerardo; Solla, Alejandro

doi:10.1016/j.agrformet.2014.02.007

Cited by 95 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…For example, chestnut blight has caused a continental-scale loss of a previously common overstory tree; this disease transformed forest structure, composition, and eliminated a highly valuable timber species (Paillet 2003). Phytophthora cinnamomi has altered species composition and resulted in ecosystem transformation on multiple continents (Shearer et al 2007, Corcobado et al 2014. Phytophthora ramorum is notable for both direct disease impacts as well as the degree that sudden oak death changes fire intensity, fire related mortality, reduces carbon sequestration and shifts forest structure and composition at the landscape-scale , 2013.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resiliency or restoration: management of sudden oak death before and after outbreak

et al. 2017

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Forests at risk to diseases caused by invasive Phytophthora pathogens can be grouped into two broad classes: those already invaded by the focal pathogen where disease has emerged or those at significant risk of invasion and subsequent emergence of disease. This dichotomy represents distinct management scenarios -treating after or before disease emerges -with a set of epidemiological, ecological, and practical management characteristics that determine optimal actions and associated costs. Here we present the initial outcomes from two management experiments aimed at restoring forest structure or protecting against changes to forest structure following invasion of Phytophthora ramorum, the cause of sudden oak death (SOD). We conducted a stand-level restoration experiment on Mount Tamalpais (Marin County, CA) at three sites where the disease has killed most overstory tanoak and dramatically increased understory vegetation density and fuels. A separate experiment in an uninvaded, at risk forest was conducted near Lacks Creek, in Humboldt County. This treatment is an attempt to increase forest resiliency to catastrophic loss of tanoak, increased fuels associated with tree mortality, and densification of the understory that are expected to accompany disease in these stands within the coming decade. Restoration experiments employed two types of mastication of understory vegetation and hand-crew thinning with pile burning; resiliency experiments employed hand crews. Treatments were compared to a set of reference conditions representing overly dense stands where intervention is needed and extensively managed stands that serve as management targets. Both restoration and resiliency treatments greatly reduced density of key sporulation supporting hosts with modest-to-minimal effects on stand basal area. Prior land use, especially past harvesting, was a primary factor determining treatment costs and potential disease impacts in treated vs untreated stands. Although both restoration and resiliency management strategies are likely to reduce disease impacts, treatment costs vary substantially and will greatly influence when and where each approach is optimal.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resiliency or restoration: management of sudden oak death before and after outbreak

et al. 2017

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“…Balci et al (2010) directly implicated P. cinnamomi in white oak decline in Ohio and the presence of the root pathogen was associated with soils of higher moisture content. Experimentally, Corcobado et al (2014) simulated extreme weather events in seedlings and showed that drought may predispose seedlings to sensitivity to Phytopthora root infection. Seedlings that were inundated, and then subjected to drought conditions (i.e.…”

Section: Soil Moisture and Forest Pathogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

More than Drought: Precipitation Variance, Excessive Wetness, Pathogens and the Future of the Western Edge of the Eastern Deciduous Forest

Hubbart

Guyette

Muzika

2016

Science of The Total Environment

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For many regions of the Earth, anthropogenic climate change is expected to result in increasingly divergent climate extremes. However, little is known about how increasing climate variance may affect ecosystem productivity. Forest ecosystems may be particularly susceptible to this problem considering the complex organizational structure of specialized species niche adaptations. Forest decline is often attributable to multiple stressors including prolonged heat, wildfire and insect outbreaks. These disturbances, often categorized as megadisturbances, can push temperate forests beyond sustainability thresholds. Absent from much of the contemporary forest health literature, however, is the discussion of excessive precipitation that may affect other disturbances synergistically or that might represent a principal stressor. Here, specific points of evidence are provided including historic climatology, variance predictions from global change modeling, Midwestern paleo climate data, local climate influences on net ecosystem exchange and productivity, and pathogen influences on oak mortality. Data sources reveal potential trends, deserving further investigation, indicating that the western edge of the Eastern Deciduous forest may be impacted by ongoing increased precipitation, precipitation variance and excessive wetness. Data presented, in conjunction with recent regional forest health concerns, suggest that climate variance including drought and excessive wetness should be equally considered for forest ecosystem resilience against increasingly dynamic climate. This communication serves as an alert to the need for studies on potential impacts of increasing climate variance and excessive wetness in forest ecosystem health and productivity in the Midwest US and similar forest ecosystems globally.

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“…; Corcobado et al. , ). Among biotic factors, root rot disease caused by the oomycete Phytophthora cinnamomi (Rands) is most likely to be responsible for the progressive decline of Iberian cork oak stands (Brasier et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Temporal metabolic profiling of the Quercus suber–Phytophthora cinnamomi system by middle‐infrared spectroscopy

et al. 2015

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SummaryThe oomycete Phytophthora cinnamomi is an aggressive plant pathogen, detrimental to many ecosystems including cork oak (Quercus suber) stands, and can inflict great losses in one of the greatest 'hotspots' for biodiversity in the world. Here, we applied Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy combined with chemometrics to disclose the metabolic patterns of cork oak roots and P. cinnamomi mycelium during the early hours of the interaction. As early as 2 h post-inoculation (hpi), cork oak roots showed altered metabolic patterns with significant variations for regions associated with carbohydrate, glycoconjugate and lipid groups when compared to mockinoculated plants. These variations were further extended at 8 hpi. Surprisingly, at 16 hpi, the metabolic changes in inoculated and mock-inoculated plants were similar, and at 24 hpi, the metabolic patterns of the regions mentioned above were inverted when compared to samples collected at 8 hpi. Principal component analysis of the FT-IR spectra confirmed that the metabolic patterns of inoculated cork oak roots could be readily distinguished from those of mock-inoculated plants at 2, 8 and 24 hpi, but not at 16 hpi. FT-IR spectral analysis from mycelium of P. cinnamomi exposed to cork oak root exudates revealed contrasting variations for regions associated with protein groups at 16 and 24 h post-exposure (hpe), whereas carbohydrate and glycoconjugate groups varied mainly at 24 hpe. Our results revealed early alterations in the metabolic patterns of the host plant when interacting with the biotrophic pathogen. In addition, the FT-IR technique can be successfully applied to discriminate infected cork oak plants from mock-inoculated plants, although these differences were dynamic with time. To a lesser extent, the metabolic patterns of P. cinnamomi were also altered when exposed to cork oak root exudates.

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Drought events determine performance of Quercus ilex seedlings and increase their susceptibility to Phytophthora cinnamomi

Cited by 95 publications

References 47 publications

Resiliency or restoration: management of sudden oak death before and after outbreak

Resiliency or restoration: management of sudden oak death before and after outbreak

More than Drought: Precipitation Variance, Excessive Wetness, Pathogens and the Future of the Western Edge of the Eastern Deciduous Forest

Temporal metabolic profiling of the Quercus suber–Phytophthora cinnamomi system by middle‐infrared spectroscopy

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