Drought legacies and ecosystem responses to subsequent drought

Müller, Lena; Bahn, Michael

doi:10.1111/gcb.16270

Cited by 134 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 285 publications

(512 reference statements)

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“…X. Yu et al: Contrasting drought legacy effects on GPP in a mixed vs. pure beech forest Drought impacts on terrestrial ecosystems are not limited to concurrent effects but also include legacy effects during the following seasons and years (Anderegg et al, 2015;Frank et al, 2015;Kannenberg et al, 2020;Müller and Bahn, 2022). Legacy effects at tree and/or stand scale can be caused by the higher vulnerability to drought due to previous water depletion of the soil (Krishnan et al, 2006, Galvagno et al, 2013, reduced or delayed leaf development (Migliavacca et al, 2009;Rocha and Goulden, 2010;Kannenberg et al, 2019), drought-induced hydraulic damage of the xylem (Anderegg et al, 2013), adjustments in carbon allocation within the trees (Huang et al, 2021), depletion of non-structural carbohydrates (Peltier et al, 2022) due to reduced carbon availability and adjustments in carbon allocation (Hartman and Trumbore, 2016), and tree mortality (Allen et al, 2015), as well as reduced resistance to disturbances (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contrasting drought legacy effects on gross primary productivity in a mixed versus pure beech forest

Orth

Reichstein

et al. 2022

Biogeosciences

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Abstract. Droughts affect terrestrial ecosystems directly and concurrently and can additionally induce lagged effects in subsequent seasons and years. Such legacy effects of drought on vegetation growth and state have been widely studied in tree ring records and satellite-based vegetation greenness, while legacies on ecosystem carbon fluxes are still poorly quantified and understood. Here, we focus on two ecosystem monitoring sites in central Germany with a similar climate but characterised by different species and age structures. Using eddy covariance measurements, we detect legacies on gross primary productivity (GPP) by calculating the difference between random forest model estimates of potential GPP and observed GPP. Our results showed that, at both sites, droughts caused significant legacy effects on GPP at seasonal and annual timescales, which were partly explained by reduced leaf development. The GPP reduction due to drought legacy effects is of comparable magnitude to the concurrent drought effects but differed between two neighbouring forests with divergent species and age structures. The methodology proposed here allows the quantification of the temporal dynamics of legacy effects at the sub-seasonal scale and the separation of legacy effects from model uncertainties. The application of the methodology at a larger range of sites will help us to quantify whether the identified lag effects are general and on which factors they may depend.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contrasting drought legacy effects on gross primary productivity in a mixed versus pure beech forest

Orth

Reichstein

et al. 2022

Biogeosciences

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“…Even though occasional strong droughts have long-lasting impacts on drought-induced tree mortality as well as further adverse drought legacies ( 57 , 58 ), the rainforest might be able to withstand those incidental droughts. However, the adaptations of the forest may become insufficient to withstand permanent or prolonged increases in drier conditions ( 59 ).…”

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confidence: 99%

Recurrent droughts increase risk of cascading tipping events by outpacing adaptive capacities in the Amazon rainforest

Wunderling

Staal

Sakschewski

et al. 2022

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Tipping elements are nonlinear subsystems of the Earth system that have the potential to abruptly shift to another state if environmental change occurs close to a critical threshold with large consequences for human societies and ecosystems. Among these tipping elements may be the Amazon rainforest, which has been undergoing intensive anthropogenic activities and increasingly frequent droughts. Here, we assess how extreme deviations from climatological rainfall regimes may cause local forest collapse that cascades through the coupled forest–climate system. We develop a conceptual dynamic network model to isolate and uncover the role of atmospheric moisture recycling in such tipping cascades. We account for heterogeneity in critical thresholds of the forest caused by adaptation to local climatic conditions. Our results reveal that, despite this adaptation, a future climate characterized by permanent drought conditions could trigger a transition to an open canopy state particularly in the southern Amazon. The loss of atmospheric moisture recycling contributes to one-third of the tipping events. Thus, by exceeding local thresholds in forest adaptive capacity, local climate change impacts may propagate to other regions of the Amazon basin, causing a risk of forest shifts even in regions where critical thresholds have not been crossed locally.

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“…In view of this, marginal populations (and experimental sites) at the boundary of the range may become important, in addition to core populations and trials established within the center of the range. Long-term experiments are, indeed, needed to improve our understanding of resilience trajectories to drought events, considering the lack of information on the cumulative effects of seasonality, frequency, and intensity of stress events, including interactions with heat waves and other extreme events [89].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Resilience Components in Maritime Pine Provenances Grown in Common Gardens

Lisella

Antonucci

Santopuoli

et al. 2022

Forests

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Knowledge acquisition on the response of tree species to drought in the Mediterranean hotspot is an important step to guide adaptation strategies to climate change impacts, e.g., assisted migration. We assessed the resilience components—i.e., resistance, recovery, and resilience–to drought in 2003 in five provenances of maritime pine planted in four common gardens in Sardinia, and analysed the possible influence of climate variables on these indices. The provenances showed differences in growth rate but not in the components of resilience. Among the provenances, Corsica was the most productive, while Tuscany was the least. One of the two provenances from Sardinia (Limbara) showed good performance in terms of tree growth in the comparatively drier site. The resilience components were influenced by prevailing environmental conditions at the common garden sites. In the relatively drier sites, trees showed the lowest resistance but the highest recovery values. However, two sites–which had the lowest stand density–showed the opposite trend during the drought year, probably due to moderate thinning. Predictive models showed different probability in the response of resilience components to climate variables. Resistance and resilience had a similar pattern, both being positively related to temperature, while recovery showed an opposite trend. The models’ results indicate a noticeable adaptation of maritime pine to the drought conditions of Sardinia, though the age factor should be considered as well. Despite only minor differences among provenances being found, environmental conditions and management practices at the common gardens were important in determining tree growth patterns. This study suggests that the provenance of Corsica may provide appropriate material for forest plantations in Mediterranean conditions with mitigation purposes.

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Drought legacies and ecosystem responses to subsequent drought

Abstract: Climate change has been and will likely be causing a significant increase in the severity and frequency of drought events (IPCC, 2021;Spinoni

Cited by 134 publications

References 285 publications

Contrasting drought legacy effects on gross primary productivity in a mixed versus pure beech forest

Contrasting drought legacy effects on gross primary productivity in a mixed versus pure beech forest

Recurrent droughts increase risk of cascading tipping events by outpacing adaptive capacities in the Amazon rainforest

Assessing Resilience Components in Maritime Pine Provenances Grown in Common Gardens

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