2022
DOI: 10.3390/w14193024
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Drought Severity and Frequency Analysis Aided by Spectral and Meteorological Indices in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq

Abstract: In the past two decades, severe drought has been a recurrent problem in Iraq due in part to climate change. Additionally, the catastrophic drop in the discharge of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers and their tributaries has aggravated the drought situation in Iraq, which was formerly one of the most water-rich nations in the Middle East. The Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRI) also has catastrophic drought conditions. This study analyzed a Landsat time-series dataset from 1998 to 2021 to determine the drought severit… Show more

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Cited by 16 publications
(5 citation statements)
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“…This indicates a meaningful contribution of SPI12 in elucidating the observed fluctuations in NDWI, and reciprocally, NDWI provides valuable insights into the variations present in SPI12. This correlation has already been pointed out by other studies [32]. Consequently, the findings from the NDWI analysis harmonize with those derived from SPI, prompting the conclusion that both spectral and statistical indices synergistically reinforce one another.…”
Section: Correlation Between Ndwi and Spisupporting
confidence: 82%
“…This indicates a meaningful contribution of SPI12 in elucidating the observed fluctuations in NDWI, and reciprocally, NDWI provides valuable insights into the variations present in SPI12. This correlation has already been pointed out by other studies [32]. Consequently, the findings from the NDWI analysis harmonize with those derived from SPI, prompting the conclusion that both spectral and statistical indices synergistically reinforce one another.…”
Section: Correlation Between Ndwi and Spisupporting
confidence: 82%
“…The MSAVI2 approach is less sensitive to bare soil than the SAVI [22]. MSAVI2 values range from -1 to + 1, with -1 and 0 denoting non-plant characteristics, including barren ground, a built-up region, and a water body, while the value of + 1 and larger indicating vegetation cover [23] [18], as shown in Eq. (1) [22].…”
Section: Spectral Indicator Analysismentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Topographic features, including aspect, elevation, slope, and site, considerably effect vegetation distribution and characteristics as they adapt to the local climate [4] . Because of the different solar radiation obtained [5] , the distinctive vegetation cover and associated with environments between slopes, aspects such as north or south aspects, and pole-facing slopes, which is a worldwide occurrence at the middle of the angular distance of a place north or south of the Earth's equator [6,7] . In general, south-facing slopes are described as dry and hot, with low soil nutrients and harsh eroded soil, and are inhabited by xeric vegetation [8] , whereas north-facing slopes are cold and wet, with rich organic matter soil, and are linked with mesic vegetation.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%