Drought tolerance as predicted by leaf water potential at turgor loss point varies strongly across species within an Amazonian forest

Maréchaux, Isabelle; Bartlett, Megan K.; Sack, Lawren; Baraloto, Christopher; Engel, Julien; Joetzjer, Émilie; Chave, Jérôme

doi:10.1111/1365-2435.12452

Cited by 178 publications

(203 citation statements)

References 106 publications

(242 reference statements)

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“…The osmotic potential at full turgor (Ψ π(100) ) was significantly lower in the forest species (FS) F. mathewsii and the pioneer species (PS) C. lanata compared to O. vervesinoides (PS) and C. xanthochloros (FS). Leaf Ψ π(100) and Ψ π(0) have been highly correlated in a number of studies [22]. Thus, it is consistent that the osmotic potential at zero turgor (Ψ π(0) ) showed a similar pattern, with the highest values found in O. vervesinoides and C. xanthochloros ( Table 2).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 67%

Leaf Tissue Water Relations Are Associated with Drought-Induced Leaf Shedding in Tropical Montane Habitats

Sobrado

2015

AJPS

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In tropical montane areas, water limitation is a common occurrence, and both pioneer and forests species experience water stress during the dry season. Adjustments of leaf area during periods of drought allow for the maintenance of the water supply and physiological functions of the remaining leaves. Here, we compared leaf blade water relations between pioneer and forest tree species. Leaf pressure-volume (P-V) curves were determined from samples taken prior to the dry season, to assess how leaves of the different species were adapted to prepare for and endure water deficits. The following parameters were calculated: osmotic potential at full (Ψπ(100)) and zero (Ψπ(0)) turgor, relative water content at zero turgor (RWC0), volumetric elastic modulus (ε) as well as apoplasm (A) and symplasm (S) water content and their ratio (A/S). Although the pioneer and forest species occupied contrasting habitats, and both groups were clearly differentiated with respect to their water transport capability and water use efficiency, their leaf tissue water relations showed clear differences across species but not between the groups. Some species underwent leaf shedding and accumulated xylem embolisms during the dry season, and their leaves had high cell elasticity. Consequently, these species presented large cell volume changes with turgor loss. Conversely, species with rigid leaves were able to undergo lower leaf turgor with only small changes in cell volume during drought, which might aid to preserve leaf cell function, maintain water uptake, and consequently avoid accelerated leaf senescence and shedding during the dry season.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 67%

Leaf Tissue Water Relations Are Associated with Drought-Induced Leaf Shedding in Tropical Montane Habitats

Sobrado

2015

AJPS

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“…This kind of information, as provided in our study, may be useful for more accurate calibration of models of global vegetation dynamics at the regional scale, and better estimates when applied on wider scales. Finally, several ecophysiological studies have indicated that the regulation of phenological events of tropical trees is species-specific [71]. Accordingly, our results may in part represent spurious associations with non-causal variables, in spite of the fit of the data to our models.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Tree Community Phenodynamics and Its Relationship with Climatic Conditions in a Lowland Tropical Rainforest

Pires

Marino

Silva

et al. 2018

Forests

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Abstract:The timing, duration, magnitude and synchronicity of plant life cycles are fundamental aspects of community dynamics and ecosystem functioning, and information on phenodynamics is essential for accurate vegetation classification and modeling. Here, we recorded the vegetative and reproductive phenodynamics of 479 individuals belonging to 182 tree species monthly over two years in a lowland Atlantic Forest in southeastern Brazil, and assessed the relationship between local climatic conditions and the occurrence and intensity of phenophases. We found a constant but low intensity of occurrence of both leaf fall and leaf flush with respect to canopy cover, resulting in an evergreen cover throughout the year. The timing of the reproductive phenophases was irregular between the two years of observation, and their amplitude was low. In addition, flowering and fruiting phenograms of activity, intensity and intensity corrected by the basal area did not overlap. These results suggest that a combination of phenological records and community-structure parameters allows for the obtainment of more accurate estimates of resource availability over time. We found that differences in growing degree-days (GDD), photoperiod and precipitation over time were related to temporal variation in leaf fall, leaf flush and flowering, with a large consistency in responses across tree species in this lowland Atlantic Forest. Moreover, there was only a weak relationship between climatic conditions and the dynamics of fruit formation and ripening, which were more strongly related to flowering phenodynamics, which is suggestive of indirect effects of climatic conditions on fruiting. Finally, the association we found between the number of days with precipitation and leaf fall dynamics agrees with the view that the greater potential for extreme events may impair plant growth in tropical forests. This reinforces the growing concerns regarding the risk of ecological collapse of tropical forests due to fragmentation and global climate change.

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“…Thus, genotypes within populations and species or functional groups within the community with differential sensitivities to a particular climate extreme presents a mechanistic pathway for directional changes to plant community diversity, composition and likely productivity. Plant species in both forest and herbaceous ecosystems possess high variation in their physiological stress tolerances [9,35,36]. As a result, there is evidence of differential sensitivity among plant genotypes [37,38], species [9,[39][40][41] and functional groups [4,42,43] to climate extremes.…”

Section: Scaling Individual Plant Responses To the Population And Commentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating plant ecological responses to climate extremes from individual to ecosystem levels

Felton

Smith

2017

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

101

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Climate extremes will elicit responses from the individual to the ecosystem level. However, only recently have ecologists begun to synthetically assess responses to climate extremes across multiple levels of ecological organization. We review the literature to examine how plant responses vary and interact across levels of organization, focusing on how individual, population and community responses may inform ecosystem-level responses in herbaceous and forest plant communities. We report a high degree of variability at the individual level, and a consequential inconsistency in the translation of individual or population responses to directional changes in community- or ecosystem-level processes. The scaling of individual or population responses to community or ecosystem responses is often predicated upon the functional identity of the species in the community, in particular, the dominant species. Furthermore, the reported stability in plant community composition and functioning with respect to extremes is often driven by processes that operate at the community level, such as species niche partitioning and compensatory responses during or after the event. Future research efforts would benefit from assessing ecological responses across multiple levels of organization, as this will provide both a holistic and mechanistic understanding of ecosystem responses to increasing climatic variability. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Behavioural, ecological and evolutionary responses to extreme climatic events’.

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Drought tolerance as predicted by leaf water potential at turgor loss point varies strongly across species within an Amazonian forest

Cited by 178 publications

References 106 publications

Leaf Tissue Water Relations Are Associated with Drought-Induced Leaf Shedding in Tropical Montane Habitats

Leaf Tissue Water Relations Are Associated with Drought-Induced Leaf Shedding in Tropical Montane Habitats

Tree Community Phenodynamics and Its Relationship with Climatic Conditions in a Lowland Tropical Rainforest

Integrating plant ecological responses to climate extremes from individual to ecosystem levels

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