Drought Tolerance of ‘Fuji’ Apple Trees Grafted onto G, CG, or M Series Rootstocks: Growth and Physiology

Choi, Byeong-Ho; Bhusal, Narayan; Jeong, Woo-Tae; Park, In-Hee; Han, Seungbaek; Yoon, Tae-Myung

doi:10.7235/hort.20200054

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 30 publications

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“…Rootstocks M26 and MM106 were selected in the East Malling (Kent, UK) breeding program. M26 is a very popular semi-dwarfing rootstock, originally proposed to confer an advantage during periods of low soil water availability [39], although its drought tolerance seems not very high based on accumulating evidence [40][41][42]. MM106 is one of the most used semi-vigorous rootstocks, among other reasons, because of its claimed tolerance to a wide range of soils, including poor ones.…”

Section: Plant Materials and Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drought-Stressed Apple Tree Grafted onto Different Rootstocks in a Coastal Sandy Soil: Link between Fast Chlorophyll a Fluorescence and Production Yield

Colpo,

Demaria,

Zaccarini

et al. 2024

Agronomy

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Domesticated apple is a drought-sensitive species that spread from continental to Mediterranean temperate regions, where it can particularly experience prolonged water stress. One strategy to improve drought resistance in apple is engrafting on selected rootstocks. This study explores the potential of fast chlorophyll a fluorescence for the comparison of rootstock sensitivity to drought, looking for significant correlations with fruit productivity. The experiment was conducted in a field located in the coastal Po River Plain, Northern Italy, characterized by a loamy sandy soil, particularly prone to drought (86% sand). Mature plants of apple cv. Superchief® Sandidge engrafted on three different rootstocks (CIVP21pbr, MM106, M26) were monitored throughout the summer of 2021 and compared between irrigated and non-irrigated parcels, and at the end of the season, fruit production was evaluated. Despite soil water tension only reaching −13 kPa, the non-irrigated plants experienced a small but consistent loss of Photosystem II (PSII) activity and a lesser capacity of light energy conservation in the photosynthetic electron transport chain. The fruit weight correlated with PSII photochemical indexes recorded during early drought, particularly FV/FM and PIABS; a correlation emerged between fruit number per plant and median values of electron transport parameters, including PITOT. Although all rootstocks underwent a 40% loss of productivity, the fluorescence parameters revealed a graded susceptibility to drought, M26 > CIVP21pbr > MM106, which matched well with the plant vigour. The least drought-sensitive MM106 produced less numerous but heavier fruits than the other two rootstocks.

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Section: Plant Materials and Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drought-Stressed Apple Tree Grafted onto Different Rootstocks in a Coastal Sandy Soil: Link between Fast Chlorophyll a Fluorescence and Production Yield

Colpo,

Demaria,

Zaccarini

et al. 2024

Agronomy

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Interannual Variation of Stomatal Traits Impacts the Environmental Responses of Apple Trees

Zuffa,

Jung,

Yates

et al. 2024

Plant Cell & Environment

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Stomata are fundamental to plant‐water relations and represent promising targets to enhance crop water‐use efficiency and climate resilience. Here, we investigated stomatal density (SD) variation in 269 apple accessions across 3 years (2019–2021), which demonstrated significant differences between accessions but consistency over time. We selected 2 subsets of 20 accessions, each with contrasting SD: high stomatal density (HSD; 370–500 mm−2) and low stomatal density (LSD; 192–316 mm−2). SD groups were compared in stomatal function, leaf physiology and crop productivity across two seasons (2021–2022). LSD had lower stomatal conductance (gs) and higher intrinsic water‐use efficiency in both years (p < 0.05). Hotter and drier conditions in 2022 reduced gs similarly in both groups (−22% HSD, −21% LSD), but also created a difference in net carbon assimilation (Anet) that was not present in 2021 (HSD + 1.7 μmol CO2 m−2 s−1, p < 0.05). LSD constraints on Anet were reflected in carbon isotope discrimination (δ13C, p < 0.001) and annual decline in fruit yield (−35%, p < 0.001). Our results demonstrate the suitability of SD as a trait to improve WUE, but also identifies a trade‐off between water savings and productivity, which requires consideration for breeding.

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Physiological and Molecular Responses of Six Apple Rootstocks to Osmotic Stress

Hezema

Shukla

Ayyanath

et al. 2021

IJMS

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The growth and productivity of several apple rootstocks have been evaluated in various previous studies. However, limited information is available on their tolerance to osmotic stress. In the present study, the physiological and molecular responses as well as abscisic acid (ABA) levels were assessed in six apple rootstocks (M26, V3, G41, G935, B9 and B118) osmotically stressed with polyethylene glycol (PEG, 30%) application under greenhouse conditions. Our results showed that V3, G41, G935 and B9 had higher relative water content (RWC), and lower electrolyte leakage (EL) under stress conditions compared to M26 and B118. Additionally, water use efficiency (WUE) was higher in V3, G41 and B9 than M26, which might be partially due to the lower transpiration rate in these tolerant rootstocks. V3, G41 and B9 rootstocks also displayed high endogenous ABA levels which was combined with a reduction in stomatal conductance and decreased water loss. At the transcriptional level, genes involved in ABA-dependent and ABA-independent pathways, e.g., SnRK, DREB, ERD and MYC2, showed higher expression in V3, G41, G935 and B9 rootstocks compared to M26 in response to stress. In contrast, WRKY29 was down-regulated in response to stress in the tolerant rootstocks, and its expression was negatively correlated with ABA content and stomatal closure. Overall, the findings of this study showed that B9, V3 and G41 displayed better osmotic stress tolerance followed by G935 then M26 and B118 rootstocks.

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Drought Tolerance of ‘Fuji’ Apple Trees Grafted onto G, CG, or M Series Rootstocks: Growth and Physiology

Cited by 3 publications

References 30 publications

Drought-Stressed Apple Tree Grafted onto Different Rootstocks in a Coastal Sandy Soil: Link between Fast Chlorophyll a Fluorescence and Production Yield

Drought-Stressed Apple Tree Grafted onto Different Rootstocks in a Coastal Sandy Soil: Link between Fast Chlorophyll a Fluorescence and Production Yield

Interannual Variation of Stomatal Traits Impacts the Environmental Responses of Apple Trees

Physiological and Molecular Responses of Six Apple Rootstocks to Osmotic Stress

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