Drug absorption from the lung

Schanker, Lewis S.

doi:10.1016/0006-2952(78)90365-9

Cited by 106 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The physiology and anatomy of the lungs offer a unique portal for drug delivery. Its' large surface area, decreased metabolic capacity (relative to the gastrointestinal tract), a relatively thin alveolar epithelium in the lower airways and rich blood supply have been found to facilitate rapid drug absorption and adequate bioavailabilities via the lungs [4,5]. Inhalation has the added benefit of being a non-invasive route of delivery, particularly appealing for all the biomolecules currently restricted to parenteral use [6,7,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vivo animal models for drug delivery across the lung mucosal barrier☆

Cryan

Sivadas

García-Contreras

2007

Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews

130

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vivo animal models for drug delivery across the lung mucosal barrier☆

Cryan

Sivadas

García-Contreras

2007

Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews

130

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“…Drugs are distributed more uniformly and more deeply into the lung and are absorbed more rapidly after aerosol inhalation than after tracheal injection [9]. We gave the adrenaline into the trachea as a liquid bolus, as it would be given during a cardiac arrest.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lignocaine is reliably and rapidly absorbed into the blood from the lungs in man [lo, 121. The parameters determining absorption of drugs through the lungs have been found to be lipid solubility, degree of ionisation and molecular weight [9]. Adrenaline, atropine and lignocaine are all weak bases with relatively high pKa values (10.2,9.9, and 7.8 respectively) and similar molecular weights (183,289, and 288 respectively) [13].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Haemodynamic effects of tracheally administered adrenaline in anaesthetised patients

Kestin

McCrirrick

1995

Anaesthesia

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SummaryTen patients undergoing arterial surgery in the leg received a combined general anaesthetic, which included muscle relaxation and intubation of the trachea, and a regional anaesthetic using a lumbar extradural catheter. The radial arterialpressure was measured. Key wordsSympathetic newous system; pharmacology, adrenaline. Lung; trachea.The guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation from the European Committee for Resuscitation recommend giving adrenaline through a tracheal tube if access is not available intravenously, although they recognised that this method is unreliable 111. A previous study showed that adrenaline five times the effective dose given intravenously to anaesthetised patients through a tracheal tube had no haemodynamic effects [2]. This present study was carried out to determine the dose of adrenaline given into the trachea which has haemodynamic .effects similar to adrenaline administered intravenously. MethodsThe project was approved by the hospital ethics committee. Ten patients undergoing arterial surgery in the leg gave written informed consent to the study. Patients were not studied if they had angina, arrhythmias, or were taking adrenergic blocking drugs. Patients were premedicated with temazepam and anaesthesia was induced with alfentanil 10 pg.kg-' and thiopentone. Muscle relaxation was obtained with atracurium, the trachea intubated and the lungs ventilated with oxygen, nitrous oxide and isoflurane. The inspired concentration of isoflurane was adjusted to maintain the systolic arterial pressure between 90 and 120 mmHg. A lumbar extradural catheter was inserted at Lw or L2-, and a test dose of 2 ml of 0.5% bupivacaine given. A further 8 ml of 0.5% bupivacaine was given in divided doses before surgery, followed by an infusion of 0.25% bupivacaine at 5 m1.h-l. The arterial pressure was measured with a 20G cannula in a radial artery and the arterial oxygen saturation by pulse oximetry. Muscle relaxation was maintained with an infusion of atracurium and adjusted to abolish the response to a supramaximal stimulus.After surgery had started and the systolic arterial pressure was stable between 90 and 120mmHg, 0.1 pg.kg-' adrenaline was given into a fast flowing intravenous infusion. The heart rate, arterial pressure and arterial saturation were recorded every 15 s for 10 min by an independent observer unaware of the purpose of the study. The maximum increase in the systolic arterial pressure was noted after the injection of adrenaline. Ten minutes after the injection, a series of tracheal injections of adrenaline in increasing doses was given. Each injection was diluted to 5 ml with normal saline, and injected down a catheter with the tip at the end of the tracheal tube and the lungs were manually inflated with five

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“…For this special case, alternative biological properties are highly desirable. Ongoing research may provide a model for biorelevant testing of pulmonary OIDPs, which may allow excursion from systemically to locally acting drug based on a modified BCS taking into account the permeability of pulmonary barriers (26).…”

Section: Locally Acting Oidpsmentioning

confidence: 99%