Drug adherence to anti-tubercular treatment during COVID-19 lockdown in Haldwani block of Nainital district

Maroof, Mohd; Pamei, Gaihemlung; Bhatt, Maneesh; Awasthi, Sadhana; Bahuguna, Subhash Chandra; Singh, Pankaj Kumar

doi:10.47203/ijch.2022.v34i04.016

Cited by 4 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Among studies reporting adjusted analyses including both new and previously treated individuals, previously treated individuals had poorer treatment outcomes in 11 analyses [ 66 , 67 , 69 , 71 – 73 , 84 , 88 , 91 , 97 , 104 ]; previous TB treatment history had nonsignificant associations in 16 analyses [ 68 , 78 , 80 , 82 – 84 , 87 , 90 , 91 , 93 – 99 ]. Among studies with adjusted analyses that only included previously treated individuals, the outcome of a person’s prior treatment predicted subsequent outcomes.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…People with HIV, or unknown HIV status, had higher unfavorable outcomes in 10 studies [ 69 , 71 – 73 , 76 , 77 , 79 , 82 , 110 ] (Fig K in the S6 Appendix and Table D in the S4 Appendix ); HIV status had nonsignificant associations in 7 studies [ 68 , 73 , 77 , 79 , 87 , 93 , 106 ]. In 5 studies, pretreatment undernutrition—assessed by weight, body mass index (BMI), or stunting [ 72 , 77 , 82 , 84 , 96 ]—or non-improvement in nutritional status with treatment [ 77 ] were associated with unfavorable outcomes.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…People with untreated diabetes or unknown diabetes status (versus not having diabetes) had higher unfavorable outcomes in 2 studies [ 69 , 111 ]. However, diabetes was protective in 2 studies [ 77 , 100 ] and had non-significant associations in 4 studies [ 68 , 72 , 93 , 98 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Being a daily wage laborer (which indicates lower socioeconomic status) was associated with unfavorable outcomes in 1 study [ 87 ]; however, being employed (versus being unemployed) was associated with unfavorable outcomes in 2 studies [ 67 , 90 ]. Employment status had nonsignificant associations in 5 studies [ 84 , 85 , 87 , 93 , 94 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Barriers to engagement in the care cascade for tuberculosis disease in India: A systematic review of quantitative studies

Jhaveri,

Galivanche

et al. 2024

PLoS Med

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Background India accounts for about one-quarter of people contracting tuberculosis (TB) disease annually and nearly one-third of TB deaths globally. Many Indians do not navigate all care cascade stages to receive TB treatment and achieve recurrence-free survival. Guided by a population/exposure/comparison/outcomes (PECO) framework, we report findings of a systematic review to identify factors contributing to unfavorable outcomes across each care cascade gap for TB disease in India. Methods and findings We defined care cascade gaps as comprising people with confirmed or presumptive TB who did not: start the TB diagnostic workup (Gap 1), complete the workup (Gap 2), start treatment (Gap 3), achieve treatment success (Gap 4), or achieve TB recurrence-free survival (Gap 5). Three systematic searches of PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science from January 1, 2000 to August 14, 2023 were conducted. We identified articles evaluating factors associated with unfavorable outcomes for each gap (reported as adjusted odds, relative risk, or hazard ratios) and, among people experiencing unfavorable outcomes, reasons for these outcomes (reported as proportions), with specific quality or risk of bias criteria for each gap. Findings were organized into person-, family-, and society-, or health system-related factors, using a social-ecological framework. Factors associated with unfavorable outcomes across multiple cascade stages included: male sex, older age, poverty-related factors, lower symptom severity or duration, undernutrition, alcohol use, smoking, and distrust of (or dissatisfaction with) health services. People previously treated for TB were more likely to seek care and engage in the diagnostic workup (Gaps 1 and 2) but more likely to suffer pretreatment loss to follow-up (Gap 3) and unfavorable treatment outcomes (Gap 4), especially those who were lost to follow-up during their prior treatment. For individual care cascade gaps, multiple studies highlighted lack of TB knowledge and structural barriers (e.g., transportation challenges) as contributing to lack of care-seeking for TB symptoms (Gap 1, 14 studies); lack of access to diagnostics (e.g., X-ray), non-identification of eligible people for testing, and failure of providers to communicate concern for TB as contributing to non-completion of the diagnostic workup (Gap 2, 17 studies); stigma, poor recording of patient contact information by providers, and early death from diagnostic delays as contributing to pretreatment loss to follow-up (Gap 3, 15 studies); and lack of TB knowledge, stigma, depression, and medication adverse effects as contributing to unfavorable treatment outcomes (Gap 4, 86 studies). Medication nonadherence contributed to unfavorable treatment outcomes (Gap 4) and TB recurrence (Gap 5, 14 studies). Limitations include lack of meta-analyses due to the heterogeneity of findings and limited generalizability to some Indian regions, given the country’s diverse population. Conclusions This systematic review illuminates common patterns of risk that shape outcomes for Indians with TB, while highlighting knowledge gaps—particularly regarding TB care for children or in the private sector—to guide future research. Findings may inform targeting of support services to people with TB who have higher risk of poor outcomes and inform multicomponent interventions to close gaps in the care cascade.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Barriers to engagement in the care cascade for tuberculosis disease in India: A systematic review of quantitative studies

Jhaveri,

Galivanche

et al. 2024

PLoS Med

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“…Eleven publications [170][171][172][173][174][175][176][177][178][179][180] addressed TB-related stigma, the populations most affected, and its adverse effects--especially during COVID-19--and solutions to combat it. Dheda et al [180] shared their frank views of TB-related stigma in a 2022 commentary.…”

Section: Stigmamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Global Impact of COVID-19 on Tuberculosis: A Thematic Scoping Review, 2020-2023

Marco,

Ahmedov,

Castro

2024

Preprint

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Background: This thematic scoping review of publications sought to understand the global impact of COVID-19 on tuberculosis (TB), interpret the scope of resonating themes, and offer policy recommendations to stimulate TB recovery and future pandemic preparedness. Data Sources: Publications were captured from three search engines, PubMed, EBSCO, and Google Scholar, and applicable websites written in English from January 1, 2020, to April 30, 2023. Study Selection: Our scoping review was limited to publications detailing the impact of COVID-19 on TB. Original research, reviews, letters, and editorials describing the deleterious and harmful––yet sometimes positive–– impact of COVID-19 (sole exposure) on TB (sole outcome) were included. The objective was to methodically categorize the impacts into themes through a comprehensive review of selected studies to provide significant health policy guidance. Data Extraction: Two authors independently screened citations and full texts, while the third arbitrated when consensus was not met. All three performed data extraction. Data Synthesis/Results: Of 1,755 screened publications, 176 (10%) covering 39 countries over 41 months met the inclusion criteria. Ten principal themes were established, which encompassed TB’s care cascade, patient-centered care, psychosocial issues, and health services: 1) case-finding and notification (n=45; 26%); 2) diagnosis and laboratory systems (n=19; 10.7%) 3) prevention, treatment, and care (n=22; 12.2%); 4) telemedicine/telehealth (n=12; 6.8%); 5) social determinants of health (n=14; 8%); 6) airborne infection prevention and control (n=8; 4.6%); 7) health system strengthening (n=22; 13%); 8) mental health (n=13; 7.4%); 9) stigma (n=11; 6.3%); and 10) health education (n=10; 5.7%). Limitations: Heterogeneity of publications within themes. Conclusions: We identified ten globally generalizable themes of COVID-19’s impact on TB. These thematic areas will guide evidence-informed policies to strengthen comprehensive global responses, recovery for TB, and future airborne pandemic preparedness.

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The global impact of COVID-19 on tuberculosis: A thematic scoping review, 2020–2023

Marco,

Ahmedov,

Castro

2024

PLOS Glob Public Health

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Background This thematic scoping review of publications sought to understand the global impact of COVID-19 on tuberculosis (TB), interpret the scope of resonating themes, and offer policy recommendations to stimulate TB recovery and future pandemic preparedness. Data sources Publications were captured from three search engines, PubMed, EBSCO, and Google Scholar, and applicable websites written in English from January 1, 2020, to April 30, 2023. Study selection Our scoping review was limited to publications detailing the impact of COVID-19 on TB. Original research, reviews, letters, and editorials describing the deleterious and harmful––yet sometimes positive––impact of COVID-19 (sole exposure) on TB (sole outcome) were included. The objective was to methodically categorize the impacts into themes through a comprehensive review of selected studies to provide significant health policy guidance. Data extraction Two authors independently screened citations and full texts, while the third arbitrated when consensus was not met. All three performed data extraction. Data synthesis/Results Of 1,755 screened publications, 176 (10%) covering 39 countries over 41 months met the inclusion criteria. By independently using a data extraction instrument, the three authors identified ten principal themes from each publication. These themes were later finalized through a consensus decision. The themes encompassed TB’s care cascade, patient-centered care, psychosocial issues, and health services: 1) case-finding and notification (n = 45; 26%); 2) diagnosis and laboratory systems (n = 19; 10.7%) 3) prevention, treatment, and care (n = 22; 12.2%); 4) telemedicine/telehealth (n = 12; 6.8%); 5) social determinants of health (n = 14; 8%); 6) airborne infection prevention and control (n = 8; 4.6%); 7) health system strengthening (n = 22; 13%); 8) mental health (n = 13; 7.4%); 9) stigma (n = 11; 6.3%); and 10) health education (n = 10; 5.7%). Limitations Heterogeneity of publications within themes. Conclusions We identified ten globally generalizable themes of COVID-19’s impact on TB. The impact and lessons learned from the themed analysis propelled us to draft public health policy recommendations to direct evidence-informed guidance that strengthens comprehensive global responses, recovery for TB, and future airborne pandemic preparedness.

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Drug adherence to anti-tubercular treatment during COVID-19 lockdown in Haldwani block of Nainital district

Cited by 4 publications

References 17 publications

Barriers to engagement in the care cascade for tuberculosis disease in India: A systematic review of quantitative studies

Barriers to engagement in the care cascade for tuberculosis disease in India: A systematic review of quantitative studies

The Global Impact of COVID-19 on Tuberculosis: A Thematic Scoping Review, 2020-2023

The global impact of COVID-19 on tuberculosis: A thematic scoping review, 2020–2023

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