Drug and Chemical Contaminants in Breast Milk: Effects on Neurodevelopment of the Nursing Infant

Leibson, Tom; Lala, Prateek; Itô, Shinya

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-809405-1.00024-9

Cited by 8 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Dietary make-up will affect an individual's exposure to these contaminants. For example, nursing neonates have a high intake of contaminants that are excreted in breast milk [3]. Exposure at different life stages may result in different toxic effects as well.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Chemical Contaminants in Food: Review of a Global Problem

Thompson

Darwish

2019

Journal of Toxicology

266

124

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Contamination by chemicals from the environment is a major global food safety issue, posing a serious threat to human health. These chemicals belong to many groups, including metals/metalloids, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), persistent organic pollutants (POPs), perfluorinated compounds (PFCs), pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs), radioactive elements, electronic waste, plastics, and nanoparticles. Some of these occur naturally in the environment, whilst others are produced from anthropogenic sources. They may contaminate our food—crops, livestock, and seafood—and drinking water and exert adverse effects on our health. It is important to perform assessments of the associated potential risks. Monitoring contamination levels, enactment of control measures including remediation, and consideration of sociopolitical implications are vital to provide safer food globally.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Chemical Contaminants in Food: Review of a Global Problem

Thompson

Darwish

2019

Journal of Toxicology

266

124

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“…Cytokines are small peptides which are involved in autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine signalling, and are responsible for the regulation of immune responses (Brooks et al, 2017). The presence of human milk contaminants influences the quality of the mother’s milk by causing a disruption in the cytokine production which can impact effective immune response in developing infants (Cohen, 1999; Rebelo and Caldas, 2016; Leibson et al, 2018; Pajewska-Szmyt et al, 2019). On analyzing the list of 116 cytokine receptors with chemical interactions obtained from ToxCast and CTD, we found that 22 chemicals compiled in ExHuMId interact with 32 cytokine receptors, which in turn could interfere with signalling or production of 64 cytokines (Methods; Figure 7; Supplementary Table S7).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Environmental contaminants transferring to human milk were found to be potentially harmful to the development of newborns, due to their ability to disrupt the signalling pathways of infant development (National Research Council (U.S.), 2000; Rebelo and Caldas, 2016; Leibson et al, 2018). Here, we have investigated the effects of human milk contaminants on the immune system development in infants.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is a need to monitor, regulate, and consciously avoid these chemicals wherever possible. Biomonitoring of human milk is therefore inevitable (Sonawane, 1995;Landrigan et al, 2002;Mead, 2008;Lehmann et al, 2018;Leibson et al, 2018;LaKind et al, 2018). Environmental contaminants are mostly lipophilic, persistent and bioaccumulative in nature, and have a tendency to deposit in adipose tissues of women or mothers who are exposed to these chemicals (Sonawane, 1995;Mead, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, several environmental chemicals, which may affect the child, are capable of entering human milk (Landrigan et al, 2002; Mead, 2008; Lehmann et al, 2018; LaKind et al, 2018). These chemicals are of concern due to the potential impact they can have on maternal health and early development of a child (Leibson et al, 2018; National Research Council (U.S.), 2000). There is a need to monitor, regulate, and consciously avoid these chemicals wherever possible.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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ExHuMId: A curated resource and analysis of Exposome of Human Milk across India

Karthikeyan

Ravichandran

Aparna

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Human milk is a vital source of nourishment for infants, containing nutrients, immunoprotective components, and bioactive substances. However, several environmental contaminants find their way into human milk. Although lactation physiology has been well documented, the effect of human milk contaminants on maternal and infant health remains unclear. Human milk is the major route of contaminant exposure to infants; these contaminants and their effects can themselves be considered an exposome. While there are chemical regulations in India and scientific literature on environmental contaminants is available, yet there is a lack of systematic compilation, monitoring, and risk management of human milk contaminants. We have harnessed the potential of this large body of literature to develop the Exposome of Human Milk across India (ExHuMId) containing detailed information on 101 environmental contaminants detected in human milk samples, studied across 13 Indian states, compiled from 36 research articles. ExHuMId also compiles the detected concentrations of the contaminants, structural and physicochemical properties, and factors associated with the donor of the sample. Here, we also present findings from a three-pronged analysis of ExHuMId and two other resources on human milk contaminants, with a focus on the Indian scenario. Through a comparative analysis with global chemical regulations and guidelines, we identify human milk contaminants of high concern, such as potential carcinogens, endocrine disruptors and neurotoxins. We then study the physicochemical properties of the contaminants to gain insights on their propensity to transfer into human milk. Further, we employ a systems biology approach to shed light on potential effects of human milk contaminants on maternal and infant health, by identifying contaminant-gene interactions associated with lactation, cytokine signalling and production, and protein-mediated transport. ExHuMId is accessible online at: https://cb.imsc.res.in/exhumid/.

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