Drug- and toxin-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension: Current state of the literature

Ramírez, Ramón Limón; Thomas, Christopher; Anderson, Ryan J.; Bernardo, Roberto; Al‐Motarreb, Ahmed; Al-Suwaidi, Jassim; Zamanian, Roham T.; Perez, Vinicio A. de Jesus

doi:10.21542/gcsp.2019.19

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 117 publications

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“…Pulmonary hypertension due to toxins and the use of illicit drugs is a major problem of global dimensions 226 . The effect of these substances on COVID-19 infection is the subject of ongoing studies 227 , 228 .…”

Section: Chronic Sequelae Of Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential long-term effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the pulmonary vasculature: a global perspective

et al. 2021

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The lungs are the primary target of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, with severe hypoxia being the cause of death in the most critical cases. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is extremely heterogeneous in terms of severity, clinical phenotype and, importantly, global distribution. Although the majority of affected patients recover from the acute infection, many continue to suffer from late sequelae affecting various organs, including the lungs. The role of the pulmonary vascular system during the acute and chronic stages of COVID-19 has not been adequately studied. A thorough understanding of the origins and dynamic behaviour of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and the potential causes of heterogeneity in COVID-19 is essential for anticipating and treating the disease, in both the acute and the chronic stages, including the development of chronic pulmonary hypertension. Both COVID-19 and chronic pulmonary hypertension have assumed global dimensions, with potential complex interactions. In this Review, we present an update on the origins and behaviour of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and discuss the potential causes of the heterogeneity of COVID-19. In addition, we summarize the pathobiology of COVID-19, with an emphasis on the role of the pulmonary vasculature, both in the acute stage and in terms of the potential for developing chronic pulmonary hypertension. We hope that the information presented in this Review will help in the development of strategies for the prevention and treatment of the continuing COVID-19 pandemic.

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Section: Chronic Sequelae Of Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential long-term effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the pulmonary vasculature: a global perspective

et al. 2021

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Human immunodeficiency viruses and their effect on the pulmonary vascular bed

Butrous

2021

American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Phys

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December 1, 2021, is “World AIDS Day,” reminding us that HIV infection is still widespread and that many of its long-term effects can be deadly. One of these complications is its effect on the pulmonary vascular beds, leading to an increase in the pulmonary pressure, causing the clinical manifestation of “pulmonary hypertension.” Unfortunately, we are still far from fully understanding the prevalence, mechanics, and pathobiology of “HIV pulmonary hypertension,” especially in Africa and other developing countries where HIV is still common. In addition, the impact of other factors like coinfection and illicit drugs can add and modify the effect on the pulmonary vascular bed, complicating the pathological and clinical effects of HIV. Thus, “World AIDS Day” can be an impetus to pursue further research in this area.

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Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH) Group 1 (Part A): Overview, Classification, Clinical Subsets, and Workup

Yaqoob,

DeCato,

Oudiz

2024

CRMR

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Pulmonary hypertension is a rare, progressive disease characterized by increased pulmonary arterial pressure and right ventricular failure due to pulmonary vascular remodeling. The disease definition and management have evolved over time. The 6th WSPH now defines it as a mean pulmonary arterial pressure >20mmHg, while recent ESC/ERS guidelines recommend lowering the threshold for pulmonary vascular resistance to 2WU. Understanding of the disease has improved through registries, classifying it into five distinct groups with similar histology, pathophysiology, and therapeutic approaches. These groups include PAH, with heritable and idiopathic causes, as well as various clinical subsets involving connective tissue disease, HIV, portopulmonary hypertension, congenital heart disease, and schistosomiasis. Long-term responders to calcium channel blockers, PAH with venous/capillaries involvement, and persistent PH of newborns are categorized under Group 1, now re-classified as IPAH. A comprehensive workup for suspected patients includes various tests like electrocardiogram, pulmonary function testing, autoimmune workup, HIV testing, echocardiogram, right heart catheterization, and cardiopulmonary exercise testing. This review emphasizes the disease's definition and epidemiology, delving into each subset and providing updated workup guidelines. The subsequent article will focus on risk stratification and treatment strategies.

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Drug- and toxin-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension: Current state of the literature

Cited by 3 publications

References 117 publications

Potential long-term effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the pulmonary vasculature: a global perspective

Potential long-term effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the pulmonary vasculature: a global perspective

Human immunodeficiency viruses and their effect on the pulmonary vascular bed

Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH) Group 1 (Part A): Overview, Classification, Clinical Subsets, and Workup

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