Drug- and Virus- or Bacteria-induced Exanthems

Bellini, Veronica; Pelliccia, Simona; Lisi, Paolo

doi:10.1097/der.0b013e318280cbe5

Cited by 12 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 23 publications

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“…Although blood tests are not routinely performed in our current clinical practice for exanthema or urticaria, it has been recently suggested that some tests could be helpful to distinguish between viral-and drug-induced skin eruptions. As an example, Hari Y et al have shown that in viral exanthemas, IFN-γ is increased in most serum samples from different acute viral diseases, while in drug-induced exanthemas, IL-5 alone or in combination with granzyme B and perforin are often found to be increasedtogether with some eosinophilia (Hari et al, 1999;Bellini et al, 2013). Another example is the potential role of thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC/CCL17) which plays an important in TH2 immune responses.…”

Section: Role Of Virus In Benign Nonimmediate Reaction Viral Infection As a Differential Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Viral Infections and Cutaneous Drug-Related Eruptions

et al. 2021

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In the general population, up to 10% of children treated by antibiotics have cutaneous adverse drug reaction, but allergy is confirmed in less than 20% of patients. Most of the non-allergic reactions are probably due to virus, such as enterovirus acute infection or Ebstein-Barr Virus (EBV) acute infection or reactivation. Especially in children, viruses have the propensity to induce skin lesions (maculopapular rash, urticaria) due to their skin infiltration or immunologic response. In drug-related skin eruptions, a virus can participate by activating an immune predisposition. The culprit antibiotic is then the trigger for reacting. Even in severe drug-induced reactions, such as Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS) syndrome, viruses take part in immune phenomena, especially herpes viruses. Understanding the mechanisms of both virus- and drug-induced skin reaction is important to develop our clinical reflection and give an adaptive care to the patient. Our aim is to review current knowledge on the different aspects and potential roles of viruses in the different type of drug hypersensitivity reactions (DHR). Although major advances have been made those past year, further studies are needed for a better understanding of the link between viruses and DHR, to improve management of those patients.

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Section: Role Of Virus In Benign Nonimmediate Reaction Viral Infection As a Differential Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%