2022
DOI: 10.3390/ph15050503
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Drug Candidates for Autoimmune Diseases

Abstract: Most of the immunosuppressive drugs used in the clinic to prevent organ rejection or to treat autoimmune disorders were originally isolated from fungi or bacteria. Therefore, in addition to plants, these are valuable sources for identification of new potent drugs. Many side effects of established drugs limit their usage and make the identification of new immunosuppressants necessary. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of natural products with potent anti-inflammatory activities that have been … Show more

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Cited by 6 publications
(5 citation statements)
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References 192 publications
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“…Although the class of oxacyclododecindiones so far only consists of four natural products, it has attracted considerable interest due to its superb anti-inflammatory potential. ,, To date, two natural products and 10 synthetic derivatives of the oxacyclododecindione series have been successfully synthesized. , All of the retrosynthetic approaches followed a strategy based on the key step of an intramolecular Friedel-Crafts acylation (IFCA) at low substrate concentration and low temperature. ,, Other approaches to the ring closure of the 12-membered lactone, such as carbonylative cross-coupling, hydroacylation, or metathesis reaction, have not proved fruitful . The synthesis of 13-hydroxy-14-deoxyoxacyclo­dodecindione ( 4 ) commenced with the preparation of the three building blocks 5 – 7 (Scheme ), which were later coupled in a Steglich esterification and Wittig olefination, followed by the key IFCA. Because the triol system was the only hitherto unknown building block in this approach, the total synthesis began with its stereoselective preparation (Scheme ).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…Although the class of oxacyclododecindiones so far only consists of four natural products, it has attracted considerable interest due to its superb anti-inflammatory potential. ,, To date, two natural products and 10 synthetic derivatives of the oxacyclododecindione series have been successfully synthesized. , All of the retrosynthetic approaches followed a strategy based on the key step of an intramolecular Friedel-Crafts acylation (IFCA) at low substrate concentration and low temperature. ,, Other approaches to the ring closure of the 12-membered lactone, such as carbonylative cross-coupling, hydroacylation, or metathesis reaction, have not proved fruitful . The synthesis of 13-hydroxy-14-deoxyoxacyclo­dodecindione ( 4 ) commenced with the preparation of the three building blocks 5 – 7 (Scheme ), which were later coupled in a Steglich esterification and Wittig olefination, followed by the key IFCA. Because the triol system was the only hitherto unknown building block in this approach, the total synthesis began with its stereoselective preparation (Scheme ).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Purification of the crude product by flash chromatography (cyclohexane/EtOAc, 12:1) yielded the protected benzyl ether 11 (2.12 g, 3.33 mmol, 79% (82% purity, determined by UV-DAD detection at 254 nm)) as a colorless oil. For analytical purposes, a small amount was further purified by preparative HPLC (C 18 ( (12). Based on a literature procedure by Hermann et al, 18 to oxazolidin-2-one 11 (4.45 g, 6.99 mmol, 1.00 equiv) in THF/ H 2 O (140 mL, 3:1) were slowly added a 35% H 2 O 2 solution (3.01 mL, 35.0 mmol, 5.00 equiv) and 1 M LiOH (14 mL, 14.0 mmol, 2.00 equiv) sequentially at 0 °C.…”
Section: ■ Experimental Sectionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Most of the natural products seem to exert antiinflammatory activity, inhibit the expression of inflammatory factors to alleviate the disease, and some have entered the evaluation of clinical trials, among which curcumin, resveratrol, triptolian inner fat, green tea is highlighted. These substances have therapeutic effects in a variety of AIDs, with immunomodulatory activity, effectively improve autoimmune inflammation (270)(271)(272), and other natural products have been discovered, the following will introduce some new natural products with the potential to treat AIDs.…”
Section: Natural Productsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Most of the natural products seem to exert anti-inflammatory activity, inhibit the expression of inflammatory factors to alleviate the disease, and some have entered the evaluation of clinical trials, among which curcumin, resveratrol, triptolian inner fat, green tea is highlighted. These substances have therapeutic effects in a variety of AIDs, with immunomodulatory activity, effectively improve autoimmune inflammation ( 270 272 ), and other natural products have been discovered, the following will introduce some new natural products with the potential to treat AIDs.…”
Section: Targeted Therapy Related To Inflammationmentioning
confidence: 99%