Drug Cost Avoidance Analysis of Cancer Clinical Trials in Spain: A Study on Cost Contributors and Their Impact

Abstract

Objective: Analyze the cost contributors and their impact on the drug cost avoidance (DCA) resulting from cancer clinical trials over the period of 2015-2020 in a tertiary-level hospital in Spain (HCUVA). Methods: We performed a cross-sectional, observational, retrospective study of a total of 53 clinical trials with 363 patients enrolled. We calculated the DCA from the price of the best standard of care (i.e.: drugs that the institution would otherwise fund). A linear regression model was used to determine cost contributors and estimate their impact. Results: The total DCA was ~5.1 million euros (31 clinical trials; 177 enrollees), representing 30% and 0,05% approximately of the annual pharmaceutical expenditures at the HCUVA and for the Spanish Health System, respectively. Cancer type analysis showed that lung cancer had the highest average DCA by trial, indicating that treatments in these trials were the most expensive. Linear regression analysis showed that the number of patients in a trial did not significantly affect that trial's DCA. Instead, cancer type, phase trials, and intention of treatment were significant cost contributors to DCA. Compared to digestive cancer trials, breast and lung trials were significantly more expensive, (p < 0.05 and p < 0.1, respectively). Phase III trials were more expensive than Phase II (p < 0.05) and adjuvant trials were less expensive than palliative (p < 0.001). Conclusion: We identified key cancer clinical trial characteristics that significantly impacted the estimated DCA. Our work provides the groundwork to explore DCA contributors with potential to enhance public relations material and serve as a negotiating tool for budgeting, thus playing an important role to inform decisions about resource allocation.