Drug data coding and analysis in epidemiologic studies

Pahor, Marco; Chrischilles, Elizabeth A.; Guralnik, Jack M.; Brown, Sandra L.; Wallace, Robert B.; Carbonin, Pierugo

doi:10.1007/bf01719664

Cited by 466 publications

(380 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…16 In addition, all participants completed questionnaires at the time of the Sleep Visit 1, which included items about demographics, education, medical history, physical activity, smoking, and alcohol use. In-clinic measurements of medication use, 17 physical activity, 18 and body mass index were performed.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Periodic Limb Movements in Sleep are Associated with Greater Cognitive Decline in Older Men without Dementia

Leng

Blackwell

Stone

et al. 2016

Sleep

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Study Objectives: To examine the association between periodic limb movements in sleep (PLMS) and change in selected aspects of cognition in community-dwelling older men. Methods: We studied 2,636 older men without dementia who underwent in-home polysomnography with measurement of the periodic limb movement index (PLMI) and periodic limb movement arousal index (PLMAI) using piezoelectric sensors. Random-effects models and logistic regression were used to examine the association between PLMI, PLMAI, and 3-to 4-y change in cognition. Results: After multivariable adjustment, men with a high PLMI had greater decline on the Trail Making Test -Part B (P trend = 0.02); those with a PLMI ≥ 30 were 48% more likely (odds ratio = 1.48, 95% confidence interval = 1.05-2.07) to experience the development of significant cognitive impairment (≥ 1 SD above mean change). Further adjustment for sleep efficiency, nocturnal hypoxemia, or dopaminergic medication use and analysis among men without Parkinson disease (n = 2,607) showed similar findings. No significant association was found for PLMAI or for Modified Mini-Mental State Examination scores. Conclusions: Among older men without dementia, higher PLMS frequency was associated with greater decline in cognition, particularly in executive function.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Periodic Limb Movements in Sleep are Associated with Greater Cognitive Decline in Older Men without Dementia

Leng

Blackwell

Stone

et al. 2016

Sleep

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“…21 Clinical diagnoses were coded according to the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Edition, Clinical Modification codes, 22 while drugs were automatically labelled with the Anatomical Therapeutic and Chemical codes. 23 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in antihypertensive drugs in the elderly: the decline of thiazides

et al. 2001

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The last decade has seen the publication of different editions of guidelines for the pharmacological treatment of hypertension that were based on the results of large, randomised trials. Since these guidelines were meant to inform practitioners, we analysed the pattern of prescription of antihypertensive agents between 1988 and 1997 among older hospitalised adults. Because of the wealth of data supporting the use of thiazides diuretics, we focused on diuretic prescription, to identify independent predictors of their utilisation. To this end, we used the GIFA database that includes patients admitted to academic medical centres throughout Italy between 1988 and 1997. We studied 5061 patients over 65 years of age selected among a population of 28 411, based on the diagnosis of arterial hypertension at discharge. The use of ACE-inhibitors has been raising steadily through the years, and they are the agents most commonly used since 1996. Calcium channel blockers showed a similar trend and were the top prescribing drug until 1995; afterwards, the documentation of potentially severe side effects has resulted in a nearly 20% reduction of their

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“…Medications were coded to identify all active ingredients using the Iowa Drug Information Service (IDIS) ingredient codes as described in detail previously (Pahor et al, 1994). Analgesic medications included all oral medications identified as analgesic in the IDIS (salicylates, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, opioid analgesics, and other analgesics).…”

Section: Analgesic Usementioning

confidence: 99%

The pathway from musculoskeletal pain to mobility difficulty in older disabled women

Leveille

Bean

Ngo

et al. 2007

Pain

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110

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Little is known about the pathway from musculoskeletal pain to mobility difficulty among older persons. We examined potential physical and psychological mediators of the pain-disability relationship in the Women's Health and Aging Study (WHAS), a cohort of women aged ≥65 who had at least mild disability at baseline. Pain was classified according to location and severity (widespread pain; lower extremity pain; other pain; none or mild pain in only one site). Among women without a lot of difficulty in stair climbing (n = 676) or walking (n = 510) at baseline, those who reported widespread pain were more likely than those with none or mild pain to develop a lot of difficulty with mobility during the 3 year follow-up. The likelihood for mobility difficulty was unchanged after adjusting for physical impairments and symptoms of depression and anxiety (walking aOR = 1.85, 95%CI, 1.08-3.17; stair climbing, aOR = 2.68, 95%CI, 1.56-4.62). Lower extremity pain was associated with increased likelihood for difficulty with climbing stairs but not with walking. However, this association was attenuated after adjusting for physical impairments and psychological symptoms (aOR = 1.66, 95%CI, 0.99-2.77). Pain was not associated with increased risk for becoming unable to walk or climb stairs. The findings suggest that pain is a unique domain as a cause of disablement, independent of the usual pathway to disability via physical impairments. Research is needed to better understand the development of pain-related disability in order to determine optimum approaches to prevent and treat mobility disability in older persons with persistent pain.

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Drug data coding and analysis in epidemiologic studies

Cited by 466 publications

References 8 publications

Periodic Limb Movements in Sleep are Associated with Greater Cognitive Decline in Older Men without Dementia

Periodic Limb Movements in Sleep are Associated with Greater Cognitive Decline in Older Men without Dementia

Trends in antihypertensive drugs in the elderly: the decline of thiazides

The pathway from musculoskeletal pain to mobility difficulty in older disabled women

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