Drug-dependent inpatients reporting continuous absence of spontaneous drug craving for the main substance throughout detoxification treatment

Cobos, José Pérez de los; Siñol, Núria; Trujols, Joan; Bañuls, Enrique; Batlle, Francesca; Tejero, A.

doi:10.1111/j.1465-3362.2010.00241.x

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Therefore, it is likely that within the context of long-term treatment centers, craving may be a psychological dimension of substance dependence that is more difficult to assess using a questionnaire and/or manipulate by exposure to drug-associated stimuli. This is consistent with low levels of spontaneous craving described within inpatient addiction units for alcohol and cocaine dependence (see [64] for review).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

An Exploration of Responses to Drug Conditioned Stimuli during Treatment for Substance Dependence

Goddard

Hing

Leri

2013

Journal of Addiction

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Although it is well established that drug conditioned stimuli produce a variety of conditioned responses, it is not known whether such stimuli can also reinforce an arbitrary operant response and thus serve as conditioned reinforcers. Volunteers (n = 39) recruited from a residential treatment center for substance dependence were tested on a task in which presses on computer keys activated images of drugs/drug paraphernalia on a progressive ratio schedule of reinforcement. They also completed a personalized craving questionnaire and a personalized Implicit Association Test. A significant bias in responding was found for images of preferred drugs/route of drug administration. Craving, however, was low and the images generated negative evaluative reactions. Two additional studies were performed to ascertain the generalizability of the effects to a different population of drug-using individuals (i.e., students who drink) and to incentive stimuli of a different nature (i.e., sexual). The additional studies partially replicated and extended the central findings of the main study. Therefore, although these data should be considered preliminary in light of small group sizes, it is concluded that cue specificity and availability of the unconditioned stimuli (drugs and sex) plays a role in modulating responding maintained by conditioned reinforcers.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

An Exploration of Responses to Drug Conditioned Stimuli during Treatment for Substance Dependence

Goddard

Hing

Leri

2013

Journal of Addiction

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“…24 Indeed, mopiate receptor availability in the ventral striatum in abstinent alcoholic patients has been shown to be correlated with craving for alcohol and an important risk factor for relapse. 25 Studies have also found an association between HA and craving among drug, 26 tobacco, 10 and alcoholdependent individuals. 27,28 Among cigarette smokers, subjects with high HA experience greater abstinenceinduced increases in irritability, anxiety, restlessness, and depression.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Role of personality traits in cocaine craving throughout an outpatient psychosocial treatment program

Ismael

Baltieri

2014

Rev. Bras. Psiquiatr.

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Objective: Cocaine dependence is a major international public health concern. Its chronically relapsing nature is possibly related to craving intensity, which can be influenced by diverse biological and psychological aspects. This study aimed to evaluate the role of different personality traits in craving measured throughout a psychosocial treatment program. Method: The sample comprised 66 cocaine-dependent outpatients who were enrolled in an individual and manualized cognitive-behavioral therapy program. The influence of personality traits on craving intensity, frequency, and duration was analyzed using a generalized estimating equations model with an autoregressive correlation structure. Results: Craving varied during treatment. The personality traits of novelty seeking, reward dependence, and harm avoidance interacted with craving intensity, and the personality trait of persistence interacted with craving duration throughout the treatment period. Furthermore, there were significant interactions between drug use and craving intensity, and between different routes of administration and craving intensity. Participants who used cocaine/crack while in treatment and concurrent users of crack (i.e., freebase) cocaine and powder cocaine also had a higher craving intensity. Conclusion: The extent of craving variation can depend on certain personality styles. This study shows that craving is influenced by personality traits, and this may presumably change clinical expression involved in disease.

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“…De Los Cobos et al (2011) show that referral to inpatient treatment contributes to an improvement of psychiatric symptoms (decreasing anxiety and depression), and a decrease in the number of subsequent visits to the emergency services. The present study did not show any correlation of referral to inpatient treatment and changes in the number of subsequent visits to the emergency psychiatric unit.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ICD-10 mental and behavioural disorders due to use of crack and powder cocaine as treated at a public psychiatric emergency service: An analysis of visit predictors

Cruz

Cunha

Moraes

et al. 2014

International Review of Psychiatry

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The present study investigated the predictors of an increased number of visits from individuals with some of the diagnoses noted in chapter F14 of ICD-10, from calls to the emergency psychiatric unit of a general hospital in São Paulo state, Brazil, in the period 2011-2012. Poisson regression models were carried out for the outcome variable, accounting for number of subsequent visits to the psychiatric emergency unit. For the analysis of this outcome we took into account the exposure time of each individual in the study. Our findings point to a population at risk for frequent psychiatric emergency service visits: individuals over 25 years. This population should be targeted for interventions on entry into public healthcare due to increased psychiatric morbidity and greater clinical morbidity already confirmed by previous studies. We discussed the need of these individuals for special attention during the clinical or psychiatric emergency consultation which, unfortunately, may be the access point for the public health system. None of the other variables were related to the outcome of interest, such as those related to the level of individual entry into the care network before and after treatment, and other variables related to medical acts during the visit.

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Drug-dependent inpatients reporting continuous absence of spontaneous drug craving for the main substance throughout detoxification treatment

Abstract: Drug -dependent inpatients who report absence of craving are characterised by relatively low levels of depression and anxiety throughout detoxification treatment, and relatively low levels of trait anxiety.

Cited by 14 publications

References 43 publications

An Exploration of Responses to Drug Conditioned Stimuli during Treatment for Substance Dependence

An Exploration of Responses to Drug Conditioned Stimuli during Treatment for Substance Dependence

Role of personality traits in cocaine craving throughout an outpatient psychosocial treatment program

ICD-10 mental and behavioural disorders due to use of crack and powder cocaine as treated at a public psychiatric emergency service: An analysis of visit predictors

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