Drug Effects on Learning and Memory

Vogel, H. Gerhard

doi:10.1007/978-3-540-70995-4_7

Cited by 4 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 565 publications

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“…They could withstand longer duration of experimentation and relatively resistant to infection. [12] It was well recognized that inhibition of cholinergic neurotransmission plays an important role in dementia. [4] Neurochemical analysis of AD has revealed that there is a marked reduction of acetylcholine content of cortical and hippocampal regions of human brain.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…30 min before the animals were subjected to any exteroceptive behavioral model. [8] Whereas, for the rest two groups (Group I and Group VI), distilled water was administered intraperitoneally at a dose of 10 ml/kg b.w. 30 min before the animals were subjected to any exteroceptive behavioral model and they served as negative control.…”

Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Day 1, Session 1: Mouse was placed gently on the wooden platform. When the mouse stepped down and placed all the 4 paws on the grid floor, shock with 20 Volt AC current was delivered for 15 s. [9,10] Day 1, Session 2: It was started 90 min after the 1 st session. If the mouse stepped down onto the grid within 60 s, then a second electric shock was given to it.…”

Section: Passive Avoidance Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…opaque by addition of small quantity of titanium dioxide. [10] Tank was divided into 4 quadrants (Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4) with the help of 2 threads. There was a hidden platform (white in color with a diameter of 10cm ) kept at the center of the 4 th quadrant 1 cm below the water level unknown to the animal throughout the training period.…”

Section: Passive Avoidance Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the second phase started 1hour later, the animals were placed on the rod only once, and the duration for which the animal remained on the rod was noted for comparison. [12] Immediately after the completion of the exteroceptive behavioral experiment, the animals were sacrificed, and blood was collected for estimation of serum cholesterol by colorimetric method using a commercially available kit from Crest Biosystems. The brains were carefully removed, homogenized and fresh tissue homogenate were used for estimation of malondialdehyde in the brain tissue.…”

Section: Locomotor Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Scopolamine-induced amnesia model: A possible anticholinergic mechanism with reversibility with statins and nootropic agents

Mishra¹,

Sahoo²,

Pradhan³

2017

Natl J Physiol Pharm Pharmacol

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Background: High cholesterol turnover is implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease by causing β amyloid plaque deposition and selective degeneration of cholinergic neurons in brain whereas drugs currently used for the treatment of the same are based on mechanisms which are cholesterol independent. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study is to find any cholesterol independent mechanisms such as antioxidant and cholinomimetic action of statins in a reversal of memory deficit in scopolamine-induced amnesia. Materials and Methods: Sixty young Swiss albino mice were divided equally into 10 groups, i.e., Group I to Group X. Group I-V and Group VI-X were subjected two exteroceptive behavioral models, i.e., passive avoidance paradigm and Morris water maze, (MWM) respectively. Group I and Group VI served as negative control. Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), atorvastatin, simvastatin (test drugs), and piracetam (standard drug), respectively, were given orally to Group II and VII, Group III and VIII, Group IV and IX, and Group V and X for 14 days before inducing amnesia using scopolamine (0.4 mg/kg body weight) injection i.p. Results:Step down latency of disease control group treated with CMC was significantly lower than that of the negative control group (42.5 ± 9.07 s vs. 147.5 ± 10.78 s) as well as that of statin and piracetam treated groups. Learning was good among all groups in MWM with a gradual decrease in escape latency from day 1 to day 4 but during memory retrieval test on day 5, CMC treated group performed poorly in comparison to others. There was no significant difference in plasma cholesterol levels among different groups whereas malondialdehyde was significantly lower among groups treated with statins or piracetam. Conclusion: Statins reversed the scopolamine-induced amnesia by some cholesterol independent mechanisms.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Passive Avoidance Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Passive Avoidance Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Locomotor Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Scopolamine-induced amnesia model: A possible anticholinergic mechanism with reversibility with statins and nootropic agents

Mishra¹,

Sahoo²,

Pradhan³

2017

Natl J Physiol Pharm Pharmacol

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Screening Methods for the Evaluation of Drugs for Learning and Memory

Jose¹,

Lakshmanan²

2022

Introduction to Basics of Pharmacology and Toxicology

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2014

IJPSR

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The present study investigates neuroprotective effect of hydroxy citric acid (50%) on phenytoin induced cognitive impairment and oxidative stress in rats.Male Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups and each group received vehicle, phenytoin (25mg/kg, i.p) and hydroxy citric acid (400 and 800mg/kg, orally) for 14 days respectively. Memory and learning was evaluated by using the Rectangular maze, Morris water maze and Locomotor activity were evaluated. On day 14, animals were sacrificed, brain tissue was dissected. The Acetylcholine Esterase (AChE) levels, antioxidants levels were estimated in the brain homogenate.The histopathological studies were done to check for the gross changes in histology. Phenytoin (25mg/kg, i.p) produced significant deficits in learning and memory as indicated by significant increase transfer latency in rectangular maze, Morris water maze and decrease number of counts in Actophotometer. It also produced significant elevation in brain AChE, MDA levels along with reduction in Catalase and DPPH levels. Hyrdroxy citric acid (400 and 800mg/kg) orally, when coadministered with phenytoin, significantly prevented phenytoin induced cognitive impairment, oxidative stress and improved the histopathological abnormalities in a dose dependant manner.

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Drug Effects on Learning and Memory

Cited by 4 publications

References 565 publications

Scopolamine-induced amnesia model: A possible anticholinergic mechanism with reversibility with statins and nootropic agents

Scopolamine-induced amnesia model: A possible anticholinergic mechanism with reversibility with statins and nootropic agents

Screening Methods for the Evaluation of Drugs for Learning and Memory

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