Drug Effects on Repeated Acquisition

Thompson, Donald M.; Moerschbaecher, Joseph M.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-004702-4.50012-6

Cited by 44 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…When administered alone, these drugs were similar to morphine in that each decreased response rate and increased percent errors. This finding replicates the results obtained with d-amphetamine (e.g., Thompson & Moerschbaecher, 1979), pentobarbital (Harting & McMillan, 1976; Thompson, 1980b), and phencyclidine (Moerschbaecher 8c Thompson, 1 980a, 1980b) in previous repeated-acquisition studies. Unlike morphine, however, when these drugs were administered in combination with 3 mg/kg of naloxone, their disruptive effects were not antagonized.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

Selective Antagonism of the Error‐increasing Effect of Morphine by Naloxone in a Repeated‐acquisition Task

Thompson

Moerschbaecher

1981

J Exper Analysis Behavior

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Pigeons acquired a different four-response chain each session by responding sequentially on three keys in the presence of four colors. The response chain was maintained by food presentation under a fixed-ratio schedule. Errors produced a brief timeout but did not reset the chain. When either morphine or naloxone was administered alone, the overall response rate decreased with increasing doses. The rate-decreasing effect was accompanied by an increase in percent errors with morphine but not with naloxone. Both effects of morphine were antagonized by doses of naloxone that were ineffective when given alone. The antagonism was selective in that naloxone (3 mg/kg) completely blocked the error-increasing effect but not the rate-decreasing effect of the higher doses of morphine. The view that naloxone is a specific narcotic antagonist was supported by the finding that naloxone failed to antagonize the rate-decreasing and error-increasing effects of d-amphetamine, pentobarbital, and phencyclidine.Key words: repeated acquisition, response chains, fixed-ratio schedule, drug antagonism, morphine, naloxone, key peck, pigeonsThe effects of drug combinations on complex operant behavior have received little experimental attention. In one of the few studies in this area, Thompson (1980) examined the joint effects of d-ainphetamine and chlorpromazine on behavior in a repeated-acquisition task. Pigeons acquired a different fourresponse chain each session by responding sequentially on three keys in the presence of four colors. The response chain was maintained by food presentation under a fixed-ratio (FR) schedule. When d-amphetamine was administered alone, the overall response rate decreased and the percent errors increased with increasing doses. When a small dose of chlorpromazine, which was ineffective when given alone, was administered in combination with d-amphetamine, the rate-decreasing effect was antagonized. The antagonism was selective, however, in that the error-increasing effect of d-amphetamine was augmented by chlorpromazine. The nature of the joint effect of the two drugs thus depended on the behavioral measure: rate vs. accuracy (cf. Branch, 1974). The present research examined the possibility that morphine and naloxone would interact in a manner dissimilar to d-amphetamine and chlorpromazine in a repeated-acquisition task (Thompson, 1980). Morphine and naloxone were chosen for study because the effects of separate and combined administration of these two drugs on schedule-controlled performance have been investigated extensively in pigeons (see review by McMillan, 1974). For example, when the responding of pigeons is maintained under an FR schedule of food presentation, it has been found that 1) increasing the dose of either morphine or naloxone alone decreases the overall response rate and 2) the rate-decreasing effect of morphine can be antagonized by doses of naloxone that have no effect when given alone (Downs

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

Selective Antagonism of the Error‐increasing Effect of Morphine by Naloxone in a Repeated‐acquisition Task

Thompson

Moerschbaecher

1981

J Exper Analysis Behavior

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“…These observations, in combination with the data reported above, are consistent with the notion that rats can be easily trained on this task in the same amount of time or less than on repeated acquisition tests using chained schedules of reinforcement (cf. Thompson & Moerschbaecher, 1979).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Scopolamine on Repeated Acquisition of Radial‐arm Maze Performance by Rats

Peele

Baron²

1988

J Exper Analysis Behavior

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Rats repeatedly acquired the performance of selecting only the four baited arms in an automated eight-arm radial maze, with the arms containing food pellets randomly assigned prior to each session. During each 14-trial (trial: obtain all four pellets) daily session, the number of errors (selecting nonbaited arms or repeating arm selections) showed a within-session decline, and choice accuracy for the first four arm selections showed a positive acceleration across trials for all rats. An index-ofcurvature statistic, calculated for total errors, was used to quantify both the within-and betweensession improvement of performance. Scopolamine (0.03 to 0.3 mg/kg, ip), but not methylscopolamine (0.3 mg/kg), reduced the accuracy of the first four selections of each trial and increased total withinsession errors for all rats. Session times also were increased by scopolamine. An examination of withinsession accuracy showed only slight signs of improvement at the higher dosages of scopolamine. The results indicate that behavior in transition states maintained by reinforcement contingencies in the radial maze is similar to that maintained by extended chained schedules, despite the fact that some of the stimuli controlling behavior in the maze are absent at the moment behavior is emitted.

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“…However, to address the difficulties of separating the behavioral effects of drugs that directly involve learning processes from those that simply affect the performance of a learned task, more sophisticated techniques may be necessary. One important example is the multiple-component repeated-acquisition/performance procedure, which involves training patterns of operant responding, usually on chain or tandem schedules (Thompson & Moerschbaecher, 1979). In one component of a multiple schedule (performance component), a single specific response sequence is always reinforced throughout the experiment; however, in the presence of the stimuli in the other (acquisition) component, the reinforced response sequence changes each session.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although these kinds of procedures require more extensive training to establish stable behavioral baselines before drug testing, they offer several advantages over other procedures. For example, they permit the evaluation of complete dose-effect functions from individual animals and allow direct, within-session comparisons of drug effects on the acquisition of a novel sequence of behavior with the performance of one previously learned (see Cohn & Paule, 1995;Thompson & Moerschbaecher, 1979).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Repeated spatial acquisition: Effects of NMDA antagonists and morphine.

Galizio¹,

Keith²,

Mansfield³

et al. 2003

Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology

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Effects of morphine and 2 N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists, phencyclidine and LY235959, were studied using a within-subject, repeated-acquisition/performance procedure adapted to the Morris Swim Task. In the performance component, subjects swam to a hidden platform that was always in the same location in the pool. In the acquisition component, the platform was moved to a different place for each session. Baseline training produced rapid and direct swims to the platform in the performance component and steep within-session learning curves in the acquisition component. All 3 compounds increased swim distances, escape latencies, and slowed swim speed in a dose-dependent manner, but only morphine consistently produced selective impairments on acquisition. NMDA antagonists generally affected acquisition only at doses that also disrupted performance, although phencyclidine produced selective effects in some animals. These outcomes were different than those from studies of response chains in primates, suggesting that task and species variables may be important determinants of drug effects on acquisition.

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Drug Effects on Repeated Acquisition

Cited by 44 publications

References 20 publications

Selective Antagonism of the Error‐increasing Effect of Morphine by Naloxone in a Repeated‐acquisition Task

Selective Antagonism of the Error‐increasing Effect of Morphine by Naloxone in a Repeated‐acquisition Task

Effects of Scopolamine on Repeated Acquisition of Radial‐arm Maze Performance by Rats

Repeated spatial acquisition: Effects of NMDA antagonists and morphine.

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