Drug-Eluting Stents in Preclinical Studies

Schwartz, Robert S.; Edelman, Elazer R.; Carter, Andrew; Chronos, Nicolas; Rogers, Campbell; Robinson, Keith A.; Waksman, Ron; Weinberger, Judah; Wilensky, Robert L.; Jensen, Donald N.; Zuckerman, Bram; Virmani, Renu

doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000033485.20594.6f

Cited by 258 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Post procedural peak CRP levels are achieved at the 48 th hour, but we used the 24 th hour values [5] . Without difference in the 24…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of the Effects of Bare Metal Stents and Drug Eluting Stents on C- Reactive Protein Levels

Özyüncü¹

2015

JHC

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Aim: It's suggested that drug eluting stents (DES) may have systemic anti inflammatory properties and this can play a role in decreased restenosis rates. We aimed to compare bare metal stents (BMS) and DES on their effects on C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, a good marker of systemic inflammation. We also aimed to investigate the relation between the inflammation levels and myonecrosis and adverse cardiac events. Methods: Patients undergoing elective stent implantation were grouped as BMS (n = 70) and DES (n = 42). Basal and 24th hour postprocedural CRP and CKMB levels were measured and the difference (Δ) was compared between the groups. The patients were followed up for adverse cardiac events for one year. Results: Mean age was 62 ± 11 and 75% were males. There was significant CRP rise in both groups at 24 th hour, but the ΔCRP was 2.1 (0.5-6.2) mg/L in BMS and 2.3 (0.2-5.2) mg/L in DES group, the difference wasn't statistically significant (p = 0.703). ΔCKMB and adverse cardiac event rates were similar between the two groups (p = 0.897 and p = 0.785). There was no correlation between ΔCRP and ΔCKMB (r = -0.090 and p = 0.459 for BMS, r = 0.158 and p = 0.318 for DES). The effect of ΔCRP on the incidence of adverse cardiac events was not significant (p = 0.349 for BMS, p = 0.135 for DES). Conclusion: Our findings reveal that patients with BMS and DES implantation exhibit similar grade of systemic inflammation after the procedure. At similar levels of systemic inflammation, the local anti-inflammatory properties of DES can play a role at decreased restenosis rates.

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“…Post procedural peak CRP levels are achieved at the 48 th hour, but we used the 24 th hour values [5] . Without difference in the 24…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By the local effect of antiproliferative drug, neointimal proliferation and stent restenosis rates decreases. Today, restenosis rates are decreased by 80% after the introduction of DES, when compared with bare metal stents (BMS) [5] . This decrease, achieved by DES, has been subject to investigation from the point of…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the Effects of Bare Metal Stents and Drug Eluting Stents on C- Reactive Protein Levels

Özyüncü¹

2015

JHC

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“…Current guidelines recommend the juvenile normocholesterolaemic domestic cross-bred farm pig or adult miniature pig as the porcine models of choice for studies of new stent technologies (Schwartz et al, 2002). Although swine with familial and diet-induced hypercholesterolaemia do develop advanced atherosclerosis, this model is impractical for most pre-clinical studies as the process can take several years by which time the pigs often weigh in excess of 200 kg (Granada et al, 2009).…”

Section: General Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, there are important differences between the two species in terms of responses to anaesthesia, pharmacotherapy, vascular access, catheter selection and angiographic views. Although guidelines exist (Schwartz et al, 2002;Lowe et al, 2003), there is no systematic description of the procedure in the literature, and most published reports only briefly summarise the methodology, thus providing insufficient detail for a researcher wishing to set up this model de novo, even if they have experience in human catheter-based coronary procedures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the methodology in published reports of the porcine coronary model varies markedly, and early mortality rates as high as 15% have been considered acceptable, despite these animals being healthy and without overt coronary disease (Schwartz et al, 2002). Although some of these deaths may relate to the experimental nature of new technologies, it is likely that a large proportion are related to poor technique or inexperienced operators.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention in the porcine model: a practical guide to the procedure

Williams

Malik

Kingston

2012

Animal

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Assessment of safety and efficacy within the porcine coronary artery model remains a standard requirement for new therapies delivered to the coronary arteries before proceeding to clinical testing. Human coronary procedures carry a very low mortality rate; however, procedural mortality for porcine experiments is often high, despite these animals being young and free of atherosclerosis. Some of these deaths are due to poor technique, and therefore avoidable. However, despite the wide use of this model, a systematic description of the procedure has never been published. This article will detail how porcine angiography and stent implantation is performed in our institution and will discuss the relevant differences between humans and pigs with regard to anaesthesia, pharmacotherapy, vascular access, catheter selection and angiographic views. Important variations to the technique that have been reported are also covered.

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