Drug Errors and Protocol for Prevention among Anaesthetists in Nigeria

Abstract

Background Drugs are often prescribed, dispensed, and administered by the same person during anaesthesia, and this may increase the risk of drug error. Objectives To assess the frequency of drug administration errors by anaesthetists, the drugs commonly involved, and the effects of such errors. Method A questionnaire-based study was carried out among participants at an annual conference of Nigerian anaesthetists. Sixty-six of the 80 participants returned the completed questionnaire. The respondents comprised 1 nurse anaesthetist, 34 resident doctors, 3 doctors with diploma in anaesthesia, and 28 consultant anaesthetists. The collated data on drug errors, the effect of such errors on patients, and formulated protocols to prevent future occurrence were subjected to descriptive analysis using Microsoft Excel. Result Drug error was reported by 71.21% and witnessed by 22.72% of the respondents. Most of the drug errors occurred during general anaesthesia (90.3%) for emergency procedures (51.61%), and muscle relaxants were most commonly involved (58.06%). Conclusion Drug errors are common among anaesthetists in Nigeria and their incidence is greater during general anaesthesia for emergency procedures, largely as a result of ampoule swaps due to similarities in ampoule design and packaging. Guidelines on their prevention should be developed by all health institutions.

Assessment of Medication Errors Among Anesthesia Clinicians in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Survey Study

“…Several survey studies had reported the occurrence rate of anesthetic medication errors. [ 19 , 20 , 23 , 36 ] The occurrence was high and ranged from 70 to 95%. Nanji et al[ 1 ] conducted a prospective observational study to assess medication errors and adverse events.…”

“…Many studies presented similar results: Double-checking before withdrawing and administering medication was the most effective drug safety measure. [ 20 , 21 , 23 ] McCawley et al[ 18 ] found that in 84.4% of reported errors, a second clinician was unavailable to double-check. However, the two-person confirmation is limited, owing to difficulty ensuring the availability of a second clinician.…”

“…[14,15] Studies in anesthesia had reported a high frequency of medication errors worldwide. [1,[16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] However, there is a lack of studies to address the occurrence of anesthetic medication errors in Saudi Arabia.…”