Drug excretion by the mammary gland

Boisseau, J.; Moretain, J. P.

doi:10.1007/978-94-009-6604-8_18

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Following intramammary infusion, a high milk yield is accompanied by a more rapid elimination of penicillins (Mercer et al , 1970). Nevertheless, according to the results of Boisseau and Moretain (1983) and of Ruffo et al . (1984), the milk yield does not influence either the elimination rate or the percentage of recovery in milk of cloxacillin and oxacillin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Milk depletion of dicloxacillin residues in cows and sheep following intramammary administration

Roncada

Tomasi

Stracciari

et al. 2000

Vet Pharm & Therapeutics

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The excretion rate of dicloxacillin from milk was studied after intramammary administration of a suspension of the drug active in vegetable oil. Eight cows and eight sheep, four of each group in low and four in high milk production, were dosed with 200 mg dicloxacillin/quarter in cows and 100 mg dicloxacillin/quarter in sheep, three times at 12 h intervals. The dicloxacillin concentrations in milk were quantified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In cows, time until dicloxacillin was undetectable was 48 h and no difference was observed between the groups. In sheep, dicloxacillin was undetectable 72 h and 84 h after the treatment in low and in high milk production groups, respectively. The implications of several factors affecting the possible milk withdrawal period were studied. The results indicated that the pharmaceutical vehicle and the coefficient of lipid solubility exerted major effects on depletion time.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…In fact, milk volume seems to exert an influence only on the overall amount of antibiotic excreted. On the other hand, the dose of antibiotic administered has an impact on the concentrations present in the first milkings (Boisseau & Moretain, 1983) and little effect on the drug depletion time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Milk depletion of dicloxacillin residues in cows and sheep following intramammary administration

Roncada

Tomasi

Stracciari

et al. 2000

Vet Pharm & Therapeutics

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“…In the second week of the survey sensitive strains were isolated once again with increased frequency as were resistant strains that were TmS. The principal route of excretion of trimethoprim is by the urine although antibacterial agents, including trimethoprim, may cross the blood-milk barrier by a process of non-ionic diffusion (Boisseau & Moretain 1983). The isolation of the majority (75%) of the TmR strains from the faeces of the piglets only, suggested that this process must have resulted in a sufficiently high concentration of the agent in the sow's milk to select for resistant strains of E. coli present in the minority faecal flora of the sucking pigs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The selection of trimethoprim resistant Escherichia coli in the faecal flora of piglets sucking a sow treated parenterally with trimethoprim

Hinton

Linton

1986

Lett Appl Microbiol

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The parenteral administration of a therapeutic preparation containing trimethoprim to a lactating sow was associated with the appearance of trimethoprim resistant Escherichia coli in the faeces of the sow and her piglets. The E. coli isolates were differentiated into strains on the basis of their O‐serogroup, biotype and resistance pattern. The majority (75%) of trimethoprim resistant strains were isolated only from the faeces of the piglets during the 14 d survey period. This suggested that the agent must have been excreted at a sufficiently high concentration in the milk to select for resistant strains present in the minority flora of the sucking pigs.

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“…Tetracyclines are generally not metabolised and are excreted from the body unchanged, with the exception of TC, 5% of which is metabolised to a less active metabolite called 4-epitetracycline [37,56]. All tetracyclines are excreted mainly via the liver (>50%) and kidneys (≤30%) or bind to tissues; however, 0.3% have been reported to be eliminated via the udder [14].…”

Section: Biotransformation Excretion Routes and Withdrawal Timementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the context of dairy farming, a cow eliminates antibiotics through the liver, kidneys and udder and many are excreted in an unchanged and active form via all three excretion routes [3]. Depending on drug solubility, antimicrobials are excreted by mammary gland in the range of 0.002-6.0% as the percentage recovery of administrated dose [13,14]. Given that antimicrobial residues can be present in milk from cows treated with antimicrobial drugs, it must be excluded from the milk supply chain to comply with regulations, protect human health and prevent downstream production processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Electrochemical Sensors for Real-Time Detection of Tetracyclines in Milk

Raykova

Corrigan

Holdsworth³

et al. 2021

Biosensors

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Antimicrobial drug residues in food are strictly controlled and monitored by national laws in most territories. Tetracyclines are a major broad-spectrum antibiotic class, active against a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and they are the leading choice for the treatment of many conditions in veterinary medicine in recent years. In dairy farms, milk from cows being treated with antibiotic drugs, such as tetracyclines, is considered unfit for human consumption. Contamination of the farm bulk tank with milk containing these residues presents a threat to confidence of supply and results in financial losses to farmers and dairy. Real-time monitoring of milk production for antimicrobial residues could reduce this risk and help to minimise the release of residues into the environment where they can cause reservoirs of antimicrobial resistance. In this article, we review the existing literature for the detection of tetracyclines in cow’s milk. Firstly, the complex nature of the milk matrix is described, and the test strategies in commercial use are outlined. Following this, emerging biosensors in the low-cost biosensors field are contrasted against each other, focusing upon electrochemical biosensors. Existing commercial tests that identify antimicrobial residues within milk are largely limited to beta-lactam detection, or non-specific detection of microbial inhibition, with tests specific to tetracycline residues less prevalent. Herein, we review a number of emerging electrochemical biosensor detection strategies for tetracyclines, which have the potential to close this gap and address the industry challenges associated with existing tests.

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Drug excretion by the mammary gland

Cited by 4 publications

References 3 publications

Milk depletion of dicloxacillin residues in cows and sheep following intramammary administration

Milk depletion of dicloxacillin residues in cows and sheep following intramammary administration

The selection of trimethoprim resistant Escherichia coli in the faecal flora of piglets sucking a sow treated parenterally with trimethoprim

Emerging Electrochemical Sensors for Real-Time Detection of Tetracyclines in Milk

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