Drug Induced Liver Injury: Review with a Focus on Genetic Factors, Tissue Diagnosis, and Treatment Options

Abstract

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a rare but potentially life threatening adverse drug reaction. DILI may mimic any morphologic characteristic of acute or chronic liver disease, and the histopathologic features of DILI may be indistinguishable from those of other causes of liver injury, such as acute viral hepatitis. In this review article, we provide an update on causative agents, clinical features, pathogenesis, diagnosis modalities, and outcomes of DILI. In addition, we review results of recently reported genetic studies and updates on pharmacological and invasive treatments.

Dysregulation of BSEP and MRP2 May Play an Important Role in Isoniazid-Induced Liver Injury <i>via</i> the SIRT1/FXR Pathway in Rats and HepG2 Cells

“…Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a potentially life threatening adverse reaction and is becoming a common health problem among the general population. 1) DILI is responsible for the majority of acute liver failure cases and is now the most common reason for a liver transplant. In the U.S.A., DILI is responsible for nearly 10% of all drug adverse reactions.…”

A Rare Presentation of Drug-induced Liver Injury with Fluticasone and Vilanterol Inhaler Use

“…While the majority of patients with DILI clinically recover, around 9.2% either die or require liver transplantation [9]. As expected, a high Model For End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score (which is calculated using the patient's bilirubin, creatinine, and international normalized ratio [INR]) is independently associated with short term mortality with DILI [10]. The components of the MELD score are as follows: a high score is associated with a poorer prognosis.…”

Hepatoprotective Effects of a Functional Formula of Three Chinese Medicinal Herbs: Experimental Evidence and Network Pharmacology-Based Identification of Mechanism of Action and Potential Bioactive Components

“…In addition, for the future translational study of JGB, individual factors, such as genetic predisposition and co-morbidities, should be carefully considered. Generally, inter-individual differences of patients result in different responses to pharmacological treatment [ 35 , 36 ]. Individual factors, such as genetic predisposition and co-morbidities, play an important role in acute and chronic liver diseases [ 35 ].…”