Drug-Induced Myoclonus

Jiménez‐Jiménez, Félix Javier; Puertas, Inmaculada; M, de Toledo

doi:10.2165/00023210-200418020-00003

Cited by 66 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 179 publications

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“…Among antibiotic subgroups, beta-lactams, quinolones, sulfonamides or aminoglycosides can be found responsible most frequently. Furthermore, levodopa, dopamine agonists, anticonvulsant drugs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, bismuth salts, lithium, amantadine, memantine, metoclopramide, calcium antagonists, corticosteroids, opioids, contrast media, chemotherapeutic drugs, propofol, as well as chronic intoxication with toluene, gasoline sniffing or substance withdrawal may be causally related [ 25 , 71 , 159 , 161 , 162 ]. With long-time antipsychotic use, a rare tardive myoclonus may occur.…”

Section: Medication and Toxin-induced Myoclonusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Myoclonic Disorders

Eberhardt

Topka

2017

Brain Sciences

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Few movement disorders seem to make a straightforward approach to diagnosis and treatment more difficult and frustrating than myoclonus, due to its plethora of causes and its variable classifications. Nevertheless, in recent years, exciting advances have been made in the elucidation of the pathophysiology and genetic basis of many disorders presenting with myoclonus. Here, we provide a review of all of the important types of myoclonus encountered in pediatric and adult neurology, with an emphasis on the recent developments that have led to a deeper understanding of this intriguing phenomenon. An up-to-date list of the genetic basis of all major myoclonic disorders is presented. Randomized studies are scarce in myoclonus therapy, but helpful pragmatic approaches at diagnosis as well as treatment have been recently suggested.

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Section: Medication and Toxin-induced Myoclonusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Myoclonic Disorders

Eberhardt

Topka

2017

Brain Sciences

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“…The causes of spinal myoclonus are varied and include tumors, infection, trauma, and degenerative disease. An additional cause is adverse effects of certain drugs, administered via neuraxial routes [2]. However, spinal myoclonus following spinal anesthesia is extremely rare, and only a few cases have been reported.…”

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confidence: 99%

Recurrent spinal myoclonus after two episodes of spinal anesthesia at a 1-year interval -A case report-

Lee

Hwang

Lee

et al. 2010

Korean J Anesthesiol

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Spinal myoclonus is an unusual, self-limiting, adverse event that may occur during spinal anesthesia. The exact cause and underlying biochemical mechanism of spinal myoclonus remain unclear. A few cases of spinal myoclonus have been reported after administration of intrathecal bupivacaine. We report a case in which spinal myoclonus recurred after two episodes of spinal anesthesia with bupivacaine at a 1-year interval in a 35-year-old woman. The myoclonus was acute and transient. The patient recovered completely, with no neurologic sequelae.

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“…In the literature about drug-induced MCL, the most common hypothesis is associated with the serotoninergic neurotransmission. This abnormal movement was already reported with the increase and the decrease of serotonin concentration [137]. In this context, CNZ/ FNZ was first believed to decrease the serotonin concentration, in the synaptic, by the induction of monoaminergic neuron damage probably because the higher number of reports with depressive symptoms in the clinical practice [10], but some studies have shown a contradictory increase of the serotonin that happened due to serotonin reuptake blockage and facilitation of its release [7].…”

Section: Myoclonus (Mcl)mentioning

confidence: 83%

Cinnarizine- and flunarizine-associated movement disorder: a literature review

Rissardo

Caprara

2020

Egypt J Neurol Psychiatry Neurosurg

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Introduction: Cinnarizine (CNZ) and flunarizine (FNZ) belong to the calcium channel blockers class of medication. Main text: The aim of this literature review is to evaluate the clinical epidemiological profile, pathological mechanisms, and management of CNZ/FNZ-associated movement disorder (MD). Relevant reports in six databases were identified and assessed by two reviewers without language restriction. One hundred and seventeen reports containing 1920 individuals who developed a CNZ/FNZ-associated MD were identified. The MD encountered were 1251 parkinsonism, 23 dyskinesias, 11 akathisia, 16 dystonia, and 5 myoclonus, and in the group not clearly defined, 592 extrapyramidal symptoms, 19 tremors, 2 bradykinesia, and 1 myokymia. The predominant sex was female with a percentage of 72.69% (466/641). The mean age was 74.49 (SD, 7.88) years. The mean CNZ dose was 148.19 mg (SD, 42.51) and for the FNZ dose, 11.22 mg (5.39). The mean MD onset and recovery were 1.83 years (SD, 1.35) and 3.71 months (SD, 1.26). In the subgroup of subjects that had improvement of the symptoms, the complete recovery was achieved within 6 months of the drug withdrawal in almost all subjects (99%). The most common management was drug withdrawal. A complete recovery was observed in 93.77% of the patients (437/466). Conclusions: CNZ/FNZ-associated MD was extensively reported in the literature. Parkinsonism was the most well described. Myoclonus (MCL) was the poorest described MD with missing data about the neurological examination and electrodiagnostic studies. The knowledge of this disorder probably can contribute to the understanding of the other drug-induced MDs.

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Drug-Induced Myoclonus

Cited by 66 publications

References 179 publications

Myoclonic Disorders

Myoclonic Disorders

Recurrent spinal myoclonus after two episodes of spinal anesthesia at a 1-year interval -A case report-

Cinnarizine- and flunarizine-associated movement disorder: a literature review

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