Drug nanocarrier agents based on starch-g-amino acids

Abstract

Introduction: In the recent decades, starch has been modified using different methods for the various forms of applications. Some new starch derivatives were prepared through a simple and convenient method in the grafting of amino acids: L-alanine, L-leucine and L-phenyl alanine to starch. Methods: First, the amine groups of amino acids were protected using phthalic anhydride then the acidic side of amino acids were activated with chlorination using thionyl chloride, and the resultant acid chlorides were reacted with starch in aqueous media at room temperature. Results: Performing the various spectroscopy experiments on the obtained compounds showed that the new derivative of starch has been formed. The structure of all synthesized materials was determined and confirmed using common spectroscopy methods and their thermal behavior was examined using DSC experiment. Conclusion: New amino acid derivatives of starch and their nanocarriers successfully prepared through a simple and convenient method. The size of nanocarriers evaluated using DLS and TEM experiments. The spherical shape of particles shows that nanocarriers have been formed and the size of these particles are approximately 92, 137 and 97 nm. Performing the wettability test determined that all the resulted materials are soluble in water. Nanocarriers of the obtained modified starches were prepared using dialysis method and naproxen was utilized as a model drug molecule. The drug release dynamics in buffered solution were studied and investigation of the drug release mechanism showed that in case of L-alanine- and L-phenylalanine-modified starches, drug release followed the Fickian diffusion with a slight deviation.

Diaminated Starch: A Competitor of Chitosan with Highly Mucoadhesive Properties due to Increased Local Cationic Charge Density

“…In contrast to previous studies focusing on the generation of cationic starch derivatives such as starch methylene dimethylamine, starch amino acid conjugates, or starch exhibiting quaternary ammonium substructures, the cationic starch described in this study is, to our knowledge, the first exhibiting vicinal amino groups as ligands.…”

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“…Characteristic functional groups were observed, which represents the polysaccharide groups Fig. 1 [25][26][27] .…”

Bioactive poly(salicylic acid)‐poly(citric acid) scaffolds improve diabetic wound repair via regulating HIF‐1α, Nrf2 and macrophage

“…25,26 Up to now, CAPs have shown promising applications in tissue regeneration, tumor therapy, drug/gene delivery, and bioimaging. [26][27][28] Recent studies in our group have found that citrate-based polymer poly(citric acidpolyethylene glycol) (PCG) have the ability to regulate macrophage subtypes and inhibit inflammation. 29 However, it is unknown whether this polycitrate-based polymer can promote diabetic wound healing.…”

“…Citric acid is a natural organic metabolite, and the citric acid‐based polymers (CAPs) have shown good biocompatibility, biodegradability, and modifiability of mechanical properties 25,26 . Up to now, CAPs have shown promising applications in tissue regeneration, tumor therapy, drug/gene delivery, and bioimaging 26–28 . Recent studies in our group have found that citrate‐based polymer poly(citric acid‐polyethylene glycol) (PCG) have the ability to regulate macrophage subtypes and inhibit inflammation 29 .…”