Drug overdoses in a Canadian city.

Sims, Mary; Purdy, Mālia; Devenyi, P

doi:10.2105/ajph.63.3.215

Cited by 13 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Similar findings are described in the medical literature. 2,8,14,16,29,33,49,56,59,64,69,71,73,75,76,82,87,90,91,94,104,108,110,113 Despite substantial differences in characteristics of the patient populations and in criteria for inclusion, numerous clinical studies of the incidence and Year(s) 1957-19671968-19701967-1971-1970Not stated 1966-19671960-1965-19711968-196419681970-197119701971-1967-1964 consequences of acute overdosage from around the world indicate that benzodiazepine ingestion accounts for a substantial proportion of cases of drug overdosage in adults (Table V). Findings from series describing time-related changes in patterns of drug ingestion…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute overdosage with benzodiazepine derivatives

Greenblatt

Allen

Noel

et al. 1977

Clin Pharma and Therapeutics

127

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A total of 773 admissions to Massachusetts General Hospital between 1962 and 1975 were due to acute overdosage with one or more psychotropic drugs. Benzodiazepine overdosage, particularly with diazepam, increased relative to other psychotropic drugs over the years. Only 12 admissions were due to benzodiazepine overdosage alone, and none of these patients were seriously ill or had significant complications. Multiple drugs were ingested in the other 87 cases, and the frequency and severity of complications among these individuals depended upon the type and quantity of other nonbenzodiazepines taken. For example, 21 of 31 patients who ingested benzodiazepines together with barbiturates experienced severe central nervous system (CNS) depression, and 14 of 31 required assisted ventilation. However, the frequency of such complications was nearly identical in a group of patients who ingested barbiturates alone. This report and a review of the literature suggest that serious intoxication following overdosage with a benzodiazepine derivative alone is unusual. Ingestion of benzodiazepines together with other drugs appears to be considerably more common than benzodiazepine overdosage alone as a cause of intoxication. The severity of intoxication in such cases of multiple drug ingestion probably depends largely on the type and quantity of nonbenzodiazepines.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute overdosage with benzodiazepine derivatives

Greenblatt

Allen

Noel

et al. 1977

Clin Pharma and Therapeutics

127

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“…[ 16 , 17 , 18 ] Canadian studies using Coroner’s data, death registries, and chart reviews provide limited information about the clinical circumstances of drug-related fatalities. [ 19 , 20 , 21 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survival in drug-related versus cardiac causes in Ontario: A retrospective cohort study

et al. 2017

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BackgroundDrug overdose causes approximately 183,000 deaths worldwide annually and 50,000 deaths in Canada and the United States combined. Drug-related deaths are concentrated among young people, leading to a substantial burden of disease and loss of potential life years. Understanding the epidemiology, patterns of care, and prognosis of drug-related prehospital emergencies may lead to improved outcomes.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of out-of-hospital cardiac arrests with drug-related and presumed cardiac causes between 2007 and 2013 using the Toronto Regional RescuNet Epistry database. The primary outcome was survival to hospital discharge. We computed standardized case fatality rates, and odds ratios of survival to hospital discharge for cardiac arrests with drug-related versus presumed cardiac causes, adjusting for confounders using logistic regression.ResultsThe analysis involved 21,497 cardiac arrests, including 378 (1.8%) drug-related and 21,119 (98.2%) presumed cardiac. Compared with the presumed cardiac group, drug-related arrest patients were younger and less likely to receive bystander resuscitation, have initial shockable cardiac rhythms, or be transported to hospital. There were no significant differences in emergency medical service response times, return of spontaneous circulation, or survival to discharge. Standardized case fatality rates confirmed that these effects were not due to age or sex differences. Adjusting for known predictors of survival, drug-related cardiac arrest was associated with increased odds of survival to hospital discharge (OR1.44, 95%CI 1.15–1.81).InterpretationIn out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, patients with drug-related causes are less likely than those with presumed cardiac causes to receive bystander resuscitation or have an initial shockable rhythm, but are more likely to survive after accounting for predictors of survival. The demographics and outcomes among drug-related cardiac arrest patients offers unique opportunities for prehospital intervention.

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“…In a series of over 800 drug overdose cases admitted for emergency treatment in Hamilton, Ontario (Sims, Purdy, & Devenyi, 1973), it was found that among the adults, female overdosers far outnumbered the males. Alcohol or a history of alcoholism was frequently associated with the drug overdose.…”

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confidence: 99%

Sex and Age Differences in Suicide Rates in a Canadian Province:

Sims¹

1974

Suicide & Life Threat Behav

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Changes in age and sex suicide rates and methods are shown for a 20‐year period. Rate increases from the earliest base have occurred in all age‐sex groups. The proportion of poison suicides has increased greatly beginning in 1960 for women, 1965 for men. Adults 30 and over account for most of the increase in ingested poisons; death by carbon monoxide also occurs with increasing frequency among all males, as do violent suicides in males under 30. Accidental poisonings follow a similar pattern. In view of increasing alcohol consumption, risks of concomitant alcohol‐drug use are discussed, as are certain protective features for women inherent in their disproportionately high use of medically prescribed drugs.

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Drug overdoses in a Canadian city.

Cited by 13 publications

References 9 publications

Acute overdosage with benzodiazepine derivatives

Acute overdosage with benzodiazepine derivatives

Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survival in drug-related versus cardiac causes in Ontario: A retrospective cohort study

Sex and Age Differences in Suicide Rates in a Canadian Province:

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