Drug-Releasing Antibacterial Coating Made from Nano-Hydroxyapatite Using the Sonocoating Method

Abstract

Medical implant use is associated with a risk of infection caused by bacteria on their surface. Implants with a surface that has both bone growth-promoting properties and antibacterial properties are of interest in orthopedics. In the current study, we fabricated a bioactive coating of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles on polyether ether ketone (PEEK) using the sonocoating method. The sonocoating method creates a layer by immersing the object in a suspension of nanoparticles in water and applying a high-power ultrasound. We show that the simple layer fabrication method results in a well-adhering layer with a thickness of 219 nm to 764 nm. Dropping cefuroxime sodium salt (Cef) antibiotic on the coated substrate creates a layer with a drug release effect and antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. We achieved a concentration of up to 1 mg of drug per cm2 of the coated substrate. In drug release tests, an initial burst was observed within 24 h, accompanied by a linear stable release effect. The drug-loaded implants exhibited sufficient activity against S. aureus for 24 and 168 h. Thus, the simple method we present here produces a biocompatible coating that can be soaked with antibiotics for antibacterial properties and can be used for a range of medical implants.

Synthesis and Characterization of Antibiotic–Loaded Biodegradable Citrate Functionalized Mesoporous Hydroxyapatite Nanocarriers as an Alternative Treatment for Bone Infections

“…On the other hand, at lower pH, the AMX release from AMX@Ctr–mpHANCs has followed fickian diffusion as described by Korsmeyer–Pappas. This study reveals better results in comparison to previous studies [ 42 , 43 , 44 ].…”

Natural rubber latex films with effective growth inhibition against S. aureus via surface conjugated gentamicin

“…46,54,55 The bands at 3400 and 2960 cm −1 correspond to the characteristic N-H and alkyl C-H stretching vibrations. 40,55 The HSO 4 −1 vibrational band is observed at 1114 cm −1 whereas, the S-O bending and stretching vibrations appeared at 610 and 1051 cm −1 respectively, which is attributed to the sulfur content of gentamicin sulfate. 44,56…”

“…[29][30][31] Chemical treatments could be either by permanent conjugation of bioactive molecules or temporary gluing via chemical interactions. Bioactive molecules such as antimicrobial peptides, 32,33 antimicrobial polymers, [34][35][36] polymer brushes, [37][38][39] or drug release systems 40,41 are well employed for surface modification to alter the surface energy, wettability, adhesion points, and bacterial interactions. 27,32,42 Nowadays, combinatorial approaches such as cytocompatible antibacterial systems 28,43 or dual action systems having multi-stimuli responsive antifouling properties 33,38,39 are of great research interest for improving the efficacy.…”

Multifunctional Hydroxyapatite Composites for Orthopedic Applications: A Review

“…Greater drug retention and slow release were observed when the scaffold surface was exposed to increased amounts of Mg-HAp (70 wt %). Utilizing the sonocoating method, a bioactive coating of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles on PEEK (polyether ether ketone) was fabricated by AbouAitah and co-workers . A well-adhered layer with a thickness of 219–764 nm was formed.…”

“…Utilizing the sonocoating method, a bioactive coating of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles on PEEK (polyether ether ketone) was fabricated by AbouAitah and co-workers. 135 A well-adhered layer with a thickness of 219−764 nm was formed. The cefuroxime sodium salt (Cef) antibiotic dropped on the coated substrate created a layer with a drug-release effect and antibacterial activity against S. aureus (45.0 ± 2.0 mm ZOI).…”