Drug Repositioning for Coronavirus (COVID-19) using Different Deep Learning Architectures

Abstract

In December 2019, the COVID-19 epidemic was found in Wuhan, China, and soon hundreds of millions were infected. Therefore, several efforts were made to identify commercially available drugs to repurpose them against COVID-19. Inferring potential drug indications through computational drug repositioning is an efficient method. The drug repositioning problem is a top-K recommendation function that presents the most likely drugs for specific diseases based on drug and diseaserelated data. The accurate prediction of drug-target interactions (DTI) is very important for drug repositioning. Deep learning (DL) models were recently exploited for promising DTI prediction performance. To build deep learning models for DTI prediction, encoder-decoder architectures can be utilized. In this paper, a deep learning-based drug repositioning approach is proposed, which is composed of two experimental phases. Firstly, training and evaluating different deep learning encoder-decoder architecture models using the benchmark DAVIS Dataset. The trained deep learning models have been evaluated using two evaluation metrics; mean square error and the concordance index. Secondly, predicting antiviral drugs for Covid-19 using the trained deep learning models created during the first phase. In this phase, these models have been experimented to predict different antiviral drug lists, which then have been compared with a recently published antiviral drug list for Covid-19 using the concordance index metric. The overall experimental results of both phases showed that the most accurate three deep learning compound-encoder/protein-encoder architectures are Morgan/AAC, CNN/AAC, and CNN/CNN with best values for the mean square error, the first phase concordance index, and the second phase concordance index.