Drug Resistance among Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients in Calabar, Nigeria

Otu, Akaninyene; Umoh, Victor A.; Habib, Abdulrazak; Ameh, Soter; Lawson, Lovett; Ansa, Victor

doi:10.1155/2013/235190

Cited by 46 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(20 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Rifampicin resistance of 6.6% found in this study is very close to the 7.0% reported in samples collected from Jos and Lagos, Nigeria [11]. Another study in Calabar Nigeria reported a rifampicin resistance of 6%, although they did not find any patient with resistance to only rifampicin [12]. Using BACTEC 960 system for drug susceptibility testing in Abuja, Lawson et al [13] reported that 10 (31%) confirmed tuberculosis samples were resistant to at least one of the four drugs tested including rifampicin, while 4 (13%) were resistant to the four drugs (isoniazid, ethambutol, streptomycin and rifampicin) tested and were classified as multidrug resistant-TB (MDR-TB).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Prevalence of Tuberculosis and Rifampicin Resistance Among Patients Seeking Medical Care in Nasarawa State, North Central Nigeria

Egbe

Anthony²,

Chuku³

2016

SJPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis remains a clinical and public health challenge inNigeria. This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of M. tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance in patients from five selected health facilities in Nasarawa State, Nigeria. The HIV serostatus and the CD4+ count of seropositive individuals were also determined. Using a combination of Zhiel Neelsen staining and WHO approved GeneXpert MTB/Rif device for M. tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance, the presence of M. tuberculosis in sputum samples was detected and confirmed. A total of 346 samples were analysed, out of which M. tuberculosis was detected in 91 (26.3%) samples and rifampicin resistance in 6 (6.6%) of the positive samples. HIV prevalence was found to be 46.8%, HIV and TB co-infection 39.6%, while 83.3% of the rifampicin resistance was from HIV positive cases. Tuberculosis was found to be decreasing with increase in CD4 count. Statistically, there was a significant relationship (P < 0.05), between level of education, HIV, CD4 count and TB occurrence. However, no significant relationship (P > 0.05) between gender, occupation and age with TB was observed. Our results show that tuberculosis still remains endemic in Nasarawa state with a high prevalence of HIV and that the confluence of HIV and tuberculosis increased the rate of rifampicin resistance. Provision of Tuberculosis diagnostics with the capacity to detect TB drug resistance beyond rifampicin is highly recommended.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Prevalence of Tuberculosis and Rifampicin Resistance Among Patients Seeking Medical Care in Nasarawa State, North Central Nigeria

Egbe

Anthony²,

Chuku³

2016

SJPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The MDRTB prevalence rate of 6.9% found in this study is comparable with 4.0% rate reported in Calabar [13] and 5.8% recorded among TB patients in Abeokuta [15]. A study in Kwara in 2013 by Rasaki et al recorded a prevalence of Rifampicin mono-resistance using GeneXpert to be 7.2% [16].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…The second line drugs for treatment of MDRTB are more expensive, not commonly available, have more adverse side effects and with extended treatment duration [13]. The prolonged duration of treatment may further compound issues in view of the socio-economic impact on the patient and his immediate family.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of the Gene Xpert Mycobacterium tuberculosis/Rifampicin (MTB/Rif) Assay in Detection of Multi-Drug Resistant Tuberculosis (MDRTB) in Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Nigeria

Rc¹,

Onwunzo²,

Cp³

et al. 2017

J HIV Retrovirus

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major public health problem in the developing world, partly due to a steady increase in the frequency of Mycobacteria tuberculosis strains becoming resistant to one or more of the first line anti-TB drugs. Microscopy is the most available diagnostic technique but the method cannot test for drug resistance. Culture method is the gold standard important in diagnosis and drug resistance testing, but it has the problem of prolonged turnaround time, high costs and unavailability. The Gene Xpert method for XpertMTB/Rif assay, allows rapid diagnosis of tuberculosis/multiple drug resistance Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB/MDRTB). The aim of this study is to evaluate the performance of the XpertMTB/Rif assay method in the diagnosis of MTB and drug resistancetuberculosis (DR-MTB) within one year of its installation in Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Nigeria. Sputum samples from 586 patients who presented at the DOTS laboratory of the hospital between 17 th June 2014 and 17 th June 2015 were processed using the XpertMTB/Rif assay machine. One hundred and sixteen (116) (19.8%) of the 586 screened patients had MTB positive results, 8 (6.9%) of the 116 MTB positive patients had rifampicin resistant TB. Also total of 336 out of whole total of 586 patients had HIV positive and 42(12.5%) of 336 HIV positive patients had MTB positive results. These depict the usefulness of Xpert assay method in MTB/MDRTB diagnosis.

show abstract

“…[15] Reported that previous TB treatment was a risk factor for MDR-TB and [20] in a study in South-west Nigeria reported that the most significant factor associated with drug resistance was a history of previous anti-TB treatment. Also, [21] reported that previous TB treatment was significant for drug resistance. [22] In a study in Karnataka region, India, showed that past history of pulmonary TB was statistically associated with development of drug resistance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resistance Rate Distribution of MDR-TB Among Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients Attending Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Nnewi and ST Patrick’S Hospital Mile 4 Abakiliki in Southeast Nigeria

Akujobi

et al. 2019

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Tuberculosis, one of the oldest recorded human afflictions, is still one of the biggest killers among the infectious diseases, despite the worldwide use of a live attenuated vaccine and several antibiotics. This study was designed to assess the resistance rate distribution of MDR-TB among pulmonary tuberculosis patients attending Nnamdi Azikiewe University Teaching Hospital (NAUTH) Nnewi and St Patrick’s Hospital Mile 4 Abakaliki in the Southeast Nigeria. Patients with persistent cough for over two weeks were screened by Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) technique for the presence of acid fast bacilli (AFB) in their sputum and a total of 103 patients with AFB positive sputum samples were recruited. The positive sputum samples were subjected to Xpert MTB/RIF assay (GeneXpert®, Cepheid USA) and culture on Lowestein Jensen medium for 42days at 37°C. Drug susceptibility testing was done on the isolates using the nitrate reduction assay (NRA). Xpert MTB/RIF assay detected MTB in 83(80.6%) samples out of which 45(67.2%) were rifampicin resistant. Sixty-seven (80.7%) of the isolates were resistant to at least one of the first-line drugs. Primary resistance was 91% while 19.4%, 35.8%, 22.4% and 22.4% of the isolates were resistant to one, two, three and four drugs respectively. Isoniazid had the highest rate of resistance (57.8%) while Ethambutol had the least (34.9%) and 30(44.8%) of the resistant isolates were MDR. Smoking (P=.002), gender (P=.002) and history of TB treatment (P=.012) were significantly associated with drug resistance. Educational status was significantly associated with MDR-TB (P=.020). NAUTH and St Patrick’s hospital had MDR-TB rates of 38.9% and 46.9% respectively. The findings of this study indicate high prevalence of MDR-TB among patients with pulmonary TB in the study sites and this portrays a menace to adequate TB control. Prompt diagnosis of TB, adequate patient compliance to therapy and increased awareness and mass education is recommended

show abstract

Drug Resistance among Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients in Calabar, Nigeria

Cited by 46 publications

References 18 publications

Prevalence of Tuberculosis and Rifampicin Resistance Among Patients Seeking Medical Care in Nasarawa State, North Central Nigeria

Prevalence of Tuberculosis and Rifampicin Resistance Among Patients Seeking Medical Care in Nasarawa State, North Central Nigeria

The Use of the Gene Xpert Mycobacterium tuberculosis/Rifampicin (MTB/Rif) Assay in Detection of Multi-Drug Resistant Tuberculosis (MDRTB) in Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Nigeria

Resistance Rate Distribution of MDR-TB Among Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients Attending Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Nnewi and ST Patrick’S Hospital Mile 4 Abakiliki in Southeast Nigeria

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About