Drug Resistance in Nematodes

Prichard, Roger K.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-46718-4_46

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 120 publications

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“…As a broad spectrum anthelmintic, emodepside is efficacious against gastrointestinal nematodes and filarial nematodes (Harder et al, 2003;Zahner et al, 2001) and is currently approved for treatment of helminth infections of cats and dogs in combination with praziquantel (Altreuther et al, 2005). Field resistance has not been reported since its introduction (Prichard, 2017). Importantly, emodepside is effective against multi-drug resistant parasitic nematode strains, including ivermectin-and levamisole-resistant Haemonchus contortus (Harder et al, 2005;von Samson-Himmelstjerna et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural variation inCaenorhabditis elegansresponses to the anthelmintic emodepside

Wit¹,

Hahnel²,

Rodriguez³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Treatment of parasitic nematode infections depends primarily on the use of anthelmintics. However, this drug arsenal is limited, and resistance against most anthelmintics is widespread. Emodepside is a new anthelmintic drug effective against gastrointestinal and filarial nematodes. Nematodes that are resistant to other anthelmintic drug classes are susceptible to emodepside, indicating that the emodepside mode of action is distinct from previous anthelmintics. The laboratory-adapted Caenorhabditis elegans strain N2 is sensitive to emodepside, and genetic selection and in vitro experiments implicated slo-1, a BK potassium channel gene, in emodepside mode of action. In an effort to understand how natural populations will respond to emodepside, we measured brood sizes and developmental rates of wild C. elegans strains after exposure to the drug and found natural variation across the species. Some of the observed variation in C. elegans emodepside responses correlates with amino acid substitutions in slo-1, but genetic mechanisms other than slo-1 coding variants likely underlie emodepside resistance in wild C. elegans strains. Additionally, the assayed strains have higher offspring production in low concentrations of emodepside (a hormetic effect), which could impact treatment strategies when parasites are underdosed. We find that natural variation affects emodepside sensitivity, supporting the suitability of C. elegans as a model system to study emodepside responses across natural nematode populations.Graphical abstractHighlightsEmodepside responses vary across the C. elegans species.Wild strains of C. elegans model natural differences in parasite emodepside responses.Variation in the emodepside target slo-1 and other loci correlate with resistance.Low doses of emodepside cause a hormetic effect on offspring production.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural variation inCaenorhabditis elegansresponses to the anthelmintic emodepside

Wit¹,

Hahnel²,

Rodriguez³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Improving understanding of nematode communities in agricultural settings: a comparison of mitometagenomics and morphology

Gendron,

Oliveira,

Desaeger

et al. 2024

MBMG

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Florida’s strawberry production provides significant economic benefit for the State; however, plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) pose a significant barrier to production. A better understanding of the distribution of nematode diversity in these fields could help to evaluate the potential risk to crops in agricultural fields and support more sustainable PPN management, but accurate analysis of constituent nematode species is key. The use of targeted mitometagenomics (mtMG) to identify nematode species has shown promise with nematode mock communities, but it remains unclear how it compares in natural agricultural settings and to the more traditional morphology-based approach. In this study, we performed a diversity survey of nematode communities across four different strawberry fields at four depths in the State of Florida using both mtMG and morphological methods. We observed significant differences in nematode community richness and composition between the two methods. Both methods failed to detect taxa recovered by the other method, due to method-specific biases resulting from differential detection of trophic groups. Importantly, both methods did agree on the detection and distribution of Meloidogyne, the most abundant PPNs with the added benefit of the mtMG precisely describing specific species. Despite significant community differences, both methods pointed to the important role of both field and depth in shaping these communities and provided evidence of PPN migration across the soil profile. In conclusion, our findings support the complementary use of multiple detection/identification methods when evaluating nematode diversity, particularly for PPNs.

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Drug Resistance in Nematodes

Cited by 2 publications

References 120 publications

Natural variation inCaenorhabditis elegansresponses to the anthelmintic emodepside

Natural variation inCaenorhabditis elegansresponses to the anthelmintic emodepside

Improving understanding of nematode communities in agricultural settings: a comparison of mitometagenomics and morphology

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