Drug Resistance of Coliform Bacteria in Hospital and City Sewage

Grabow, W. O. K.; Prozesky, O. W.

doi:10.1128/aac.3.2.175

Cited by 70 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The rapid and wide dissemination of this gene in cattle as well as in food, pets, and environments (138)(139)(140)(141)(142) is also paralleled by recent observations made for CTX-M (143). The commu-nity certainly appears to be the major reservoir of CTX-M-type ESBL (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Trends in Human Fecal Carriage of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases in the Community: Toward the Globalization of CTX-M

et al. 2013

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SUMMARY In the last 10 years, extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing enterobacteria (ESBL-E) have become one of the main challenges for antibiotic treatment of enterobacterial infections, largely because of the current CTX-M enzyme pandemic. However, most studies have focused on hospitalized patients, though today it appears that the community is strongly affected as well. We therefore decided to devote our investigation to trends in ESBL-E fecal carriage rates and comprehensively reviewed data from studies conducted on healthy populations in various parts of the world. We show that (i) community ESBL-E fecal carriage, which was unknown before the turn of the millennium, has since increased significantly everywhere, with developing countries being the most affected; (ii) intercontinental travel may have emphasized and globalized the issue; and (iii) CTX-M enzymes, especially CTX-M-15, are the dominant type of ESBL. Altogether, these results suggest that CTX-M carriage is evolving toward a global pandemic but is still insufficiently described. Only a better knowledge of its dynamics and biology will lead to further development of appropriate control measures.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Trends in Human Fecal Carriage of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases in the Community: Toward the Globalization of CTX-M

et al. 2013

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“…In the aqueous environment, the transfer of resistance factor within and between the bacterial genera has been shown by Grabow and Prozesky (1973) using Escherichia coli resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, sulfonamide and tetracycline. The MDR isolates collected during the present study indicated the presence of plasmids of almost identical size of approximate 60 kb, however an opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa contained a plasmid of slightly higher molecular weight.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotic resistance pattern of mdr pathogens

Vyas¹

2012

iosrphr

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Abstract--Multiple drug resistant enterobacterial pathogens were isolated from common sources of human consumption. The isolates were subjected for antibiotic susceptibility testing against 10 antibiotics and found to be resistant towards six antibiotics. All the isolated MDR pathogens were found to be sensitive towards amikacin. Sensitivity for cefuroxime, oxacillin, and metronidazol differed for different species. The pattern of MDR bacteria was perturbing as simultaneous resistance to chloramphenicol and gentamycin, formed the common MDR pattern. The pattern was almost the same for the diverse species (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Citrobacter diversus, Shigella flexneri, Salmonella typhi, Proteus vulgaris, Citrobacter freundii, Proteus myxofaciens, Klebsiella oxytoca, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) isolated from different food samples and strongly suggests prevalence of similar R plasmids. This suggests that antibiotic resistance is encoded on a high molecular weight plasmid, and can easily spread in the community through food stuff generally consumed by the common man.

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“…Previous reports have shown that antimicrobial-resistant strains of bacteria are present in various effluents, such as hospital effluent discharge (8,10,16,21), inflow effluent to a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) (15), and outflow-treated effluent from a wastewater treatment plant (2,12,13,18,27). A wastewater treatment plant treating effluent from hospitals may be associated with discharge of relatively high levels of antimicrobial-resistant E. coli compared with those of a plant treating municipal effluent that does not include hospital effluent discharge (22).…”

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confidence: 99%

Enumeration and Characterization of Antimicrobial-Resistant Escherichia coli Bacteria in Effluent from Municipal, Hospital, and Secondary Treatment Facility Sources

Galvin

Walsh

Hickey

et al. 2010

Appl Environ Microbiol

197

102

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We describe a modification of the most probable number (MPN) method for rapid enumeration of antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli bacteria in aqueous environmental samples. E. coli (total and antimicrobialresistant) bacteria were enumerated in effluent samples from a hospital (n ‫؍‬ 17) and municipal sewers upstream (n ‫؍‬ 5) and downstream (n ‫؍‬ 5) from the hospital, effluent samples from throughout the treatment process (n ‫؍‬ 4), and treated effluent samples (n ‫؍‬ 13). Effluent downstream from the hospital contained a higher proportion of antimicrobial-resistant E. coli than that upstream from the hospital. Wastewater treatment reduced the numbers of E. coli bacteria (total and antimicrobial resistant); however, antimicrobialresistant E. coli was not eliminated, and E. coli resistant to cefotaxime (including extended-spectrum betalactamase [ESBL] producers), ciprofloxacin, and cefoxitin was present in treated effluent samples.

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Drug Resistance of Coliform Bacteria in Hospital and City Sewage

Cited by 70 publications

References 21 publications

Trends in Human Fecal Carriage of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases in the Community: Toward the Globalization of CTX-M

Trends in Human Fecal Carriage of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases in the Community: Toward the Globalization of CTX-M

Antibiotic resistance pattern of mdr pathogens

Enumeration and Characterization of Antimicrobial-Resistant Escherichia coli Bacteria in Effluent from Municipal, Hospital, and Secondary Treatment Facility Sources

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