Drug resistant tuberculosis in Saudi Arabia: an analysis of surveillance data 2014–2015

Ammari, Maha Al; Turaiki, Abdulrahman Al; Essa, Mohammed Al; Kashkary, Abdulhameed; Eltigani, Sara A.; Ahmed, Anwar

doi:10.1186/s13756-018-0306-4

Cited by 22 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…This finding is consistent with studies from Saudi Arabia and other parts of the world. 3,7,17,25,26 This finding has important implications for all the stakeholders in TB control, including policy makers, program implementers, physicians and other health workers and patients that compliance to the treatment is an essential part in TB management. Policy makers and implementers should ensure adequate and uninterrupted supply of anti-TB drugs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

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<p>Prevalence and Determinants of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis in Makkah, Saudi Arabia</p>

Sambas

Rabbani

Algethamy

et al. 2020

IDR

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Background and Objectives Tuberculosis (TB) is a global public health issue. The emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) TB has further complicated the situation in the form of poor treatment outcomes and costs to individuals and health-care systems. We therefore aimed to measure the prevalence and associated risk factors of MDR TB among TB patients in Makkah city. Patients and Methods This was a cross-sectional study conducted at Al-Noor Specialist Hospital, a public-sector hospital in Makkah. We included records of 158 confirmed TB patients from the list of all patients admitted in the hospital from January 2009 to January 2019 by systematic random sampling. Data were collected on socio-demographics, clinical profile and drug resistance patterns. Analysis was done in SPSS version 21.0. Results The mean age of the participants was 43.4 ± 18.7 years, and two-thirds (66.5%) were male. About 40% of the patients had chronic disease while lung disease other than TB was present in 5% patients. About 13% of cases were extrapulmonary infections. Prevalence of drug resistance was found to be 17.1% among TB patients. Among the resistant cases, streptomycin (25.9%) and isoniazid (11.1%) were the drugs most commonly affected by resistance. Prevalence of MDR TB was 5% among TB patients. Age, smoking, lung disease and previous TB were significant factors associated with MDR TB. Conclusion Prevalence of MDR TB, although comparable to current national estimates, is higher compared to previous reports. There is a need to reduce this burden through strengthening TB control programs to prevent further emergence of a public health threat of MDR TB. History of previous TB was the strongest risk factor in this study. This calls physicians, program managers and policy makers to focus on counselling and support of TB patients for compliance with the regimen to complete treatment without interruption.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…A similar pattern has been reported in national surveys from Saudi Arabia. 3,7 The prevalence of MDR TB among patients with previous history of tuberculosis has been consistently reported to be high. 3,11,13,14 We also found very high prevalence of MDR TB among patients with previous TB history.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Prevalence and Determinants of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis in Makkah, Saudi Arabia</p>

Sambas

Rabbani

Algethamy

et al. 2020

IDR

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“…The annual incidence rate of MTB in Saudi Arabia ranges between 14 and 17/100,000, with the highest rates in Makkah region where our study took place [ 15 ]. Moreover, multi-resistant MTB accounts for 4.4% while mono-resistant has a 3.8% rate, emphasizing the importance of rapid detection of the organism [ 16 ]. Early diagnosis of pulmonary MTB can help disease prevention and progression as well.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible Fiberoptic Bronchoscopy: Indications, Diagnostic Yield and Complications

Qanash¹,

Hakami²,

Al-Husayni³

et al. 2020

Cureus

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Objective Flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FFB) has become an essential procedure for diagnosing and managing various respiratory conditions. We aimed to assess the main indications, diagnostic yield, and safety of FFB in our institute. Methods A total of 216 patients who underwent FFB between July 2009 and June 2012 at King Abdul-Aziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, were reviewed retrospectively. Indications of the procedure, the diagnostic yield of variable respiratory diseases, and complications were reported. Result Out of 216 patients, 210 (97.2%) completed FFB. One hundred and ninety-eight (91.7%) bronchoscopies were for diagnostic purposes, and the remaining 12 (5.6%) were for therapeutic aim. The mean age of patients was 50 years ± 20 years and patients. Respiratory infection, malignancy, pulmonary infiltrate in febrile neutropenia (FN), and hemoptysis in order of frequency were the main indications. The overall diagnostic yield was 46%. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) was the most common indication (26.8%) and was identified in 37.7%, whereas pneumonia was confirmed in 46.3% of the patients. Malignancy was established in 35.3% of suspected cases, while eosinophilic pneumonia was diagnosed in 100%. The diagnostic yield in pulmonary infiltrates of human immunodeficiency viral (HIV) was 85.7%. Alveolar hemorrhage was the most common cause of hemoptysis. Out of therapeutic bronchoscopy, lung collapse was the main indication. There is no mortality and complications occurred in 1.5% of the cases. Conclusion MTB was the most common indication of FFB, followed by malignancy. It has a high diagnostic yield in eosinophilic pneumonia and pulmonary infiltrates in HIV patients. FFB is shown to be a safe modality for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.

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“…The literature has identified patient non-compliance and interruption in drug regimens as the main obstacles to achieving cure targets and thus preventing the spread of the disease. Human factors such as interpersonal conflicts between patients and health care providers have also been seen as having a role to play [5, 18, 22]. The ultimate success of any treatment for TB depends on patient compliance with the prescribed anti-tuberculosis treatment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High non-compliance rate with anti-tuberculosis treatment: a need to shift facility-based directly observed therapy short course (DOTS) to community mobile outreach team supervision in Saudi Arabia

Alsahafi¹,

Shah²,

Al-Sayali³

et al. 2019

BMC Public Health

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Background Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global public health problem in many developing countries including Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Patient compliance with anti-tuberculosis treatment is a determining factor in controlling the spread of TB. This study compares the default rate and the perception of their treatment among TB patients being treated by means of a community mobile outreach approach, with those of patients being treated by means of a facility-based Directly Observed Treatment Short course (DOTS) in the Jeddah region of Saudi Arabia. Methods A comparative cross-sectional study of 200 TB patients who presented at the Madain Alfahd Primary Health Care Center (PHCC) Jeddah, between January 2018 and November 2018 was undertaken. In one group, randomly assigned patients were served by mobile outreach teams who administered oral anti-TB treatment under the DOTS regime. In the other group, the patients were treated by means of the traditional facility-based DOTS treatment. A questionnaire measuring patient attitudes and understanding of the disease and their treatment modes was completed by patients at the beginning of their treatment, and again after 3 months. The results were analysed by means of independent and Paired T Tests, along with chi square analysis. Results We found that the overall default rate among those patients served by our mobile outreach team was only 3%, compared with a 22% default rate among non-mobile team treated patients ( p = < 0.001). A major change in the attitude and understanding scores of patients was noted in both groups after 3 months. A significant difference was also noted in the mean compliance scores (mobile team served =58.43 and facility-based =55.55, p < 0.001) after 3 months of treatment. Conclusion Our study indicated that treatment by means of our mobile outreach DOTS can offer an effective strategy for the treatment of TB patients. A reduced patient default rate and a better understanding of the disease and its treatment confirmed a positive impact of mobile outreach teams on these patients. Treating TB patients by means of mobile outreach teams can thus be recommended as a means for the cure and prevention of the further spread of the disease.

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Drug resistant tuberculosis in Saudi Arabia: an analysis of surveillance data 2014–2015

Cited by 22 publications

References 18 publications

<p>Prevalence and Determinants of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis in Makkah, Saudi Arabia</p>

<p>Prevalence and Determinants of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis in Makkah, Saudi Arabia</p>

Flexible Fiberoptic Bronchoscopy: Indications, Diagnostic Yield and Complications

High non-compliance rate with anti-tuberculosis treatment: a need to shift facility-based directly observed therapy short course (DOTS) to community mobile outreach team supervision in Saudi Arabia

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