Drug Use Frequency Among Street-Recruited Heroin and Cocaine Users in Harlem and the Bronx Before and After September 11, 2001

Adherence to HIV Medications in a Cohort of Men Who Have Sex With Men: Impact of September 11th

“…This has also been noted in other investigations. 11 Preliminary results from our qualitative data suggest that the disaster of September 11th may have had an impact on drug use, but in the long term and not the short term, as we report here. These data also begin to suggest that there was no sharp increase immediately after, in part due to the difficulty in drug trafficking that ensued after the September 11th events.…”

Substance use and misuse in the aftermath of terrorism. A Bayesian meta‐analysis

“…A recent metaanalysis of psychopathology in the aftermath of terrorism found that the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in directly affected populations in the year following a terrorist incident ranges between 12% and 16% [5]. In contrast to the evidence on psychopathology, the nascent literature on substance use and misuse following mass trauma such as terrorist attacks is characterized by conflicting results [6,7].…”

“…There were early indications of an increase in drug-seeking behavior among Manhattan residents following the terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001. Studies suggested an increase in use of certain substances, particularly cigarettes, alcohol and marijuana [7,8], in the general population and there were reports of increased alcohol and tobacco use among drug users [6]. Some researchers found evidence of persistently elevated prevalence of psychological distress many months afterwards and at long distances from the events of 11 September 2001 [9], and concluded that such stress may have 'contributed to symptom severity and the utilization of urgent health care services .…”

The Impact of Bam Earthquake on Substance Users in the First 2 Weeks: A Rapid Assessment

“…Most findings suggest increased use, and some have found limited overall change. [4][5][6]8 Deren et al 7 conducted a study immediately and within 2-3 months after September 11, 2001. They reported concerns of service providers and drug users about the impact of the disaster on drug availability and drug purity, increased demand for and use of drugs, as well as an apparent increase in requests for drug treatment.…”

“…Few studies have specifically documented the situation of drug users immediately after a disaster, [4][5][6][7] and in those study populations, drug abuse was not widespread. In Bam city, opium use among men is quite common, and it created problems after the earthquake.…”