Drug-utilisation profiles and COVID-19

SARS-CoV-2 infection after vaccination can occur because COVID-19 vaccines do not offer 100% protection. The study aim was to assess duration of vaccination coverage, disease symptoms and type of hospitalization among non-vaccinated and vaccinated subjects to evaluate the vaccination trend over time. A retrospective cohort study was carried out among people testing COVID-19 positive in Campania Region using information from the Health Information System of Campania Region (Sinfonia). Vaccination status was assessed considering: no vaccination, partial vaccination and effective vaccination. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were constructed to evaluate the association between ICU admissions caused by COVID-19 and gender, age groups and vaccine type. Vaccine coverage duration trends were investigated using segmented linear regression and breakpoint estimations. Vaccination coverage was assessed by analyzing COVID-19 positive subjects in the 9 months after an effective dose vaccination. A significant risk of hospitalization in the ICU was caused by vaccination status: subjects non-vaccinated (OR:7.14) and partially vaccinated (OR:3.68) were 3 and 7 times more at risk of hospitalization, respectively, than subjects effectively vaccinated. Regarding subjects with an effective vaccination, the vaccine’s ability to protect against infection in the months following vaccination decreased. The risk of contracting COVID-19 after vaccination was higher 5 months (β = 1441, p < 0.001) and 7 months (β = 3110, p < 0.001) after administration of an effective dose. COVID-19 vaccines were demonstrated to protect from symptomatic infection by significantly reducing hospitalization risk, and their full protection against SARS-CoV-2 was demonstrated to decrease after 5 months regardless of age, gender or vaccine type.

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“…This data source was complete as it also included a data management system already validated in previous studies [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Breakthrough among the Non-Vaccinated and Vaccinated Population in Italy: A Real-World Evidence Study Based on Big Data

Perrella

Bisogno²,

D’Argenzio³

et al. 2022

Healthcare

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“…In a previous study [ 63 ], uncoated and excipient-coated NanopatchTM vaccines were given to 18 healthy persons for 2 min of insertion and removal [ 33 , 368 , 370 ]. On a scale of 0 to 10, 78 percent of participants reported 0 on a pain range of 0 to 10, with an average score of less than 1 on a pain scale of 0 to 10 [ 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 , 80 , 81 , 82 , 83 , 84 , 85 , 86 , 87 , 88 , 89 , 90 , 91 , 92 , 93 , 94 , 95 , 96 , 97 , 98 , 99 , 100 , 101 …”

Section: Microneedle Array Patch Vaccination: Clinical Trials and Hum...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…COVID-19 initiation, amplification, and consummation are three separate stages that patients go through [ 90 , 91 , 92 ]. Rapid viral replication and the early production of dominant chemokines define the beginning stage [ 74 , 93 , 94 ]. If the viral infection is not effectively suppressed by the host’s humoral defenses, the patient enters the multiplication stage after developing both humoral and cellular immunity, during which, they produce more inflammatory mediators and recruit a large number of inflammatory cells to increase immunopathological processes [ 95 , 96 , 97 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential of Microneedle Systems for COVID-19 Vaccination: Current Trends and Challenges

Hassan¹,

Haigh

Ahmed³

et al. 2022

Pharmaceutics

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To prevent the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and aid restoration to prepandemic normality, global mass vaccination is urgently needed. Inducing herd immunity through mass vaccination has proven to be a highly effective strategy for preventing the spread of many infectious diseases, which protects the most vulnerable population groups that are unable to develop immunity, such as people with immunodeficiencies or weakened immune systems due to underlying medical or debilitating conditions. In achieving global outreach, the maintenance of the vaccine potency, transportation, and needle waste generation become major issues. Moreover, needle phobia and vaccine hesitancy act as hurdles to successful mass vaccination. The use of dissolvable microneedles for COVID-19 vaccination could act as a major paradigm shift in attaining the desired goal to vaccinate billions in the shortest time possible. In addressing these points, we discuss the potential of the use of dissolvable microneedles for COVID-19 vaccination based on the current literature.

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“…It is complete and involves data management system that has been validated in previous studies. [9][10][11][12] During the pandemic emergency, the Regional Health Information System of Campania Region (Sinfonia) was implemented with all records related to COVID-19 in order to create a tool to support health governance in managing the COVID-19 emergency.…”

Section: Data Sources: Sinfoniamentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2 Infection Breakthrough among the non-vaccinated and vaccinated: a Real World Evidence study based on Big Data

Perrella

BIsogno

D’Argenzio

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background: SARS-CoV-2 infection after vaccination can occur because COVID-19 vaccines do not offer 100% protection. The aim of this study was to assess vaccination coverage among people nasopharyngeal swabs, disease symptoms and type of hospitalisation (Intensive Care Unit) between the non-vaccinated and the effective dose vaccinated and to evaluate vaccination trend over time. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was carried out among people tested positive for COVID-19 in Campania Region using collected information from Health Information System of Campania Region (Sinfonia). The status of vaccination was assess according to the following timetable: non-vaccinated; Ineffective dose vaccination; Effective dose vaccination. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were conducted to evaluate the association between Intensive Care Unit (ICU) to COVID-19 and gender, age groups and vaccine. To determine vaccine coverage in subjects who received an effective dose, trend changes over time were investigated using segmented linear regression models and breakpoints estimations. Vaccination coverage was assessed by analysing the trend in the percentage of covid 19 positive subjects in the 9 months after vaccination with an effective dose stratified by age group and type of vaccine. Statistical analyses were performed using R platform Results: A significant association with the risk of hospitalisation in Intensive Care Unit was the vaccination status of the subjects: subjects with ineffective dose (adjusted OR: 3.68) and subjects no-vaccination (adjusted OR: 7.14) were at three- and seven-times higher risk of hospitalisation in Intensive Care Unit, respectively, than subjects with an effective dose. Regarding subjects with an effective dose of vaccine, the vaccine's ability to protect against infection in the months following vaccination decreased. The first breakpoints is evident five months after vaccination (β =1.441, p<0.001). This increase was most evident after the seventh month after vaccination (β =3.110, p<0.001). Conclusions: COVID19 vaccines protect from symptomatic infection by significantly reducing the risk of ICU hospitalization for severe disease. However, it seems they have trend to decrease their fully protection against SARS-COV-2 after five months regardless age, sex or type of vaccine. Therefore it seems clear that those not undergoing vaccine had higher risk to develop clinically significant disease and being at risk of ICU stay. Thus, considering highest percentage of asymptomatic patients and that few data about their capacity to transmit SARS-CoV-2, third dose vaccination should be introduced as soon as possible, Finally, a surveillance approach based on the use of integrated BIG Data system to match all clinical conditions too, offer a precise and real analysis with low incidence of errors in the categorization of subjects.

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Drug-utilisation profiles and COVID-19

Cited by 18 publications

References 35 publications

Risk of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Breakthrough among the Non-Vaccinated and Vaccinated Population in Italy: A Real-World Evidence Study Based on Big Data

Risk of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Breakthrough among the Non-Vaccinated and Vaccinated Population in Italy: A Real-World Evidence Study Based on Big Data

Potential of Microneedle Systems for COVID-19 Vaccination: Current Trends and Challenges

SARS-CoV-2 Infection Breakthrough among the non-vaccinated and vaccinated: a Real World Evidence study based on Big Data

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