Drug waste harms fish

Gilbert, Natasha

doi:10.1038/476265a

Cited by 53 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…In one study, assessment of water samples using a CALUX reporter gene bioassay for glucocorticoid-like activity identified levels ranging from 0.39 to 1.3 ng dexamethasone Eq/L in surface water and 11 to 243 ng dexamethasone Eq/L in industry, hospital, and municipal sewage treatment plant effluents [2]. Recently, dexamethasone was detected in river water collected downstream from a French pharmaceutical factory at a concentration of approximately 10 mg/L [3]. Additionally, studies that detect pharmaceuticals in surface waters, as well as drinking water, at concentrations of parts per trillion to parts per billion [4][5][6][7] are mounting, making these chemical pollutants a concern to environmental researchers and the public alike.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effects of a glucocorticoid receptor agonist, dexamethasone, on fathead minnow reproduction, growth, and development

LaLone

Villeneuve

Olmstead

et al. 2012

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

102

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Synthetic glucocorticoids are pharmaceutical compounds prescribed in human and veterinary medicine as anti-inflammatory agents and have the potential to contaminate natural watersheds via inputs from wastewater treatment facilities and confined animal-feeding operations. Despite this, few studies have examined the effects of this class of chemicals on aquatic vertebrates. To generate data to assess potential risk to the aquatic environment, we used fathead minnow 21-d reproduction and 29-d embryo-larvae assays to determine reproductive toxicity and early-life-stage effects of dexamethasone. Exposure to 500 µg dexamethasone/L in the 21-d test caused reductions in fathead minnow fecundity and female plasma estradiol concentrations and increased the occurrence of abnormally hatched fry. Female fish exposed to 500 µg dexamethasone/L also displayed a significant increase in plasma vitellogenin protein levels, possibly because of decreased spawning. A decrease in vitellogenin messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression in liver tissue from females exposed to the high dexamethasone concentration lends support to this hypothesis. Histological results indicate that a 29-d embryo-larval exposure to 500 µg dexamethasone/L caused a significant increase in deformed gill opercula. Fry exposed to 500 µg dexamethasone/L for 29 d also exhibited a significant reduction in weight and length compared with control fry. Taken together, these results indicate that nonlethal concentrations of a model glucocorticoid receptor agonist can impair fish reproduction, growth, and development.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effects of a glucocorticoid receptor agonist, dexamethasone, on fathead minnow reproduction, growth, and development

LaLone

Villeneuve

Olmstead

et al. 2012

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

102

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“…Propofol wastage has greater implications as it does not get degraded in nature and has possible harmful ecologic effects. [67] On the other hand propofol, anesthesia has advantages such as faster recovery, reduced postoperative nausea-vomiting, and shortened stay in postanesthesia care unit (PACU) which will definitely cause cost savings in other areas. [89]…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Financial implications of intravenous anesthetic drug wastage in operation room

et al. 2017

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Background and Objectives:Anesthetic drugs and material wastage are common in operation rooms (ORs). In this era of escalating health-care expenditure, cost reduction strategies are highly relevant. The aim of this study was to assess the amount of daily intravenous anesthetic drug wastage from major ORs and to estimate its financial burden. Any preventive measures to minimize drug wastage are also looked for.Methods:It was a prospective study conducted at the major ORs of a tertiary care hospital after getting the Institutional Research Committee approval. The total amount of all drugs wasted at the end of a surgical day from each major OR was audited for five nonconsecutive weeks. Drug wasted includes the drugs leftover in the syringes unutilized and opened vials/ampoules. The total cost of the wasted drugs and average daily loss were estimated.Results:The drugs wasted in large quantities included propofol, thiopentone sodium, vecuronium, mephentermine, lignocaine, midazolam, atropine, succinylcholine, and atracurium in that order. The total cost of the wasted drugs during the study period was Rs. 59,631.49, and the average daily loss was Rs. 1987.67. The average daily cost of wasted drug was maximum for vecuronium (Rs. 699.93) followed by propofol (Rs. 662.26).Interpretation and Conclusions:Financial implications of anesthetic drug wastage can be significant. Propofol and vecuronium contributed maximum to the financial burden. Suggestions for preventive measures to minimize the wastage include education of staff and residents about the cost of drugs, emphasizing on the judicial use of costly drugs.

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“…For instance, monitoring of the Fukushima incident is still relevant for impact assessment [2]. Similarly, continuous monitoring of factories [3] and power plants is critical as they may cause long term effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%