Drugs and Environmental Agents in Pregnancy and Lactation: Embryology, Teratology, Epidemiology

Niebyl, Jennifer R.; Simpson, J. L.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-06930-7.50010-4

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 244 publications

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“…The start of pregnancy was the first day of last menstrual period and on average, conception would have taken place 2 weeks after the pregnancy start estimated in this study (14).…”

Section: Exposure and Outcomementioning

confidence: 89%

“…During gestational week 6-10 (embryonic week 4-8), tissues and organs rapidly develop, and it is the period that is most sensitive to teratogenic exposures and abnormal development (3). By the end of gestational week 10, all major organ systems are established (14). The fetal period, from gestational week 11 to the birth of the child, is characterized by growth and further maturation and differentiation of tissues and organs.…”

Section: The Period Of Organogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Severity of Birth Defects After Propylthiouracil Exposure in Early Pregnancy

Andersen

Olsen

et al. 2014

Thyroid

104

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“…The start of pregnancy was the first day of last menstrual period and on average, conception would have taken place 2 weeks after the pregnancy start estimated in this study (14).…”

Section: Exposure and Outcomementioning

confidence: 89%

Section: The Period Of Organogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Severity of Birth Defects After Propylthiouracil Exposure in Early Pregnancy

Andersen

Olsen

et al. 2014

Thyroid

104

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Lead is able to cross the placenta while a child is developing in utero and can become incorporated into deciduous teeth, weakening the whole tooth structure. In addition, lead may affect the function of odontoblasts and the formation of dentine (29,32,33) .…”

Section: Lead Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental smoke exposure associated with increased prevalence of dental caries in low-income children

Jakhete

Gitterman

2012

International Journal on Disability and Human Development

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Dental caries are of serious concern as increasing numbers of cases of early childhood caries are seen. Oral hygiene and the development of dental caries is a challenging issue to address in any child. However, children in lower socioeconomic groups are disproportionately affected when compared with their higher-income peers. Low-income children are found to be twice as likely to have dental problems, with a reported prevalence of up to 50 % . Several environmental factors have been found to play a role in this difference, including passive smoke exposure, lead exposure, and poor nutritional intake. While lead exposure and nutrition have been studied extensively, the association between passive smoke exposure and dental caries in children is less well known. This review will consider these environmental risk factors, focusing primarily on passive smoke exposure and its association with the development of dental caries. We will also propose potential strategies, on the basis of a comprehensive understanding of both existing published research and communitybased interventions, as a means of addressing the health disparities that contribute so dramatically to this problem.

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“…14 Using substances chronically in pregnancy has multiple neonatal and maternal risks, including neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS), fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), fetal growth restriction, mental disabilities, placental abruption, and preterm labor (ACOG 2011; Niebyl and Simpson 2012, 155-57). 15 For an individual woman, active substance use has well-known documented risks: possible liver failure, contraction of infectious diseases like HIV and hepatitis, endocarditis, permanent neurological damage, and death (Maeda et al 2014;Niebyl and Simpson 2012). Therefore, from a clinical perspective, there is an ethical obligation to inform and help women who are actively using substances to detoxify or move towards replacement therapies, such as methadone or buprenorphine in the case of opiate use.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, physicians are concerned with avoiding neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS), which can be brought on by a lack of exposure to opiates after delivery or placental abruption 6 in the setting of active cocaine use. These clinical instances dictate important considerations for management options for practitioners in regards to the timing and method of delivery, and the care of both the mother and newborn (Niebyl and Simpson 2012). They also inform a 6 'Placental abruption' is defined as the early sloughing of the placenta from the uterine lining.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

‘The opposite of a history’

Premkumar¹

2015

MAT

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Theoretical work in critical medical anthropology and biomedicine on substance use in pregnancy has yet to develop a cohesive framework of the maternal-fetal unit (MFU) as a dynamic object. As a result, patient history, risk, and agency continue to be driven by an Enlightenment-era, monolithic conception of individual will. I use the example of Carla, a young woman actively using heroin in her pregnancy, to illustrate the limits of the MFU as it is currently conceived. By using critiques of subjective utilitiarianism, as discussed by Byron Good, and the concept of becoming, as elucidated by Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari, this article seeks to articulate an ethics of accompaniment, focused on both individual patient care and wider sociopolitical advocacy. These ethics help to redefine the MFU, and support new and unique ways of providing services to this often marginalized and vulnerable population.Keywords substance abuse, pregnancy, becoming, assemblage, prenatal care Medicine Anthropology Theory 29Make maps, not photos or drawings.-Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari A Thousand Plateaus (1987,(24)(25) Clinical epistemology: From critical medical anthropology to physician advocacy in the care of substance use in pregnancyThe importance of anthropological theory in biomedical practice has been a topic of discussion over the past three decades (see, for example, Christman and Johnson 1996;Kleinman 1985;Kleinman and Benson 2006). This discourse has created an epistemological space within biomedicine in which to focus on the social and political construction of care, particularly among marginalized and vulnerable populations. The effect of critical medical anthropology -particularly its primary engagement with biomedical institutions' power and control -on clinical practice has been felt in a variety of ways, from HIV/AIDS care in Haiti (Farmer 1992) to understanding chronic illness and pain among migrant farmworkers in the United States (Holmes 2013).In particular, the role of the physician as a 'public citizen', engaged in the care of an entire community, rather than only an individual, sheds a new light on the ethical requirements of biomedical care (Gruen, Pearson, and Brennan 2004). Physician advocacy, defined as 'action by a physician to promote those social, economic, educational, and political changes that ameliorate the suffering and threats to human health and wellbeing that he or she identifies through his or her professional work and expertise ' (Earnest, Wong, and Federico 2010, 63), is a direct response to the ethical obligations of a physician as a public citizen. Indeed, in line with critical medical anthropology's goals for creating a new medical order committed to understanding and undoing inequality as experienced through health disparities, physician advocacy takes up this torch on a political, educational, and clinical level (see Metzl and Hansen 2014). Moving towards 'viable institutional practices ' (Quesada, Hart, and Bourgois 2011, 351) created by structurally competent physicia...

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Drugs and Environmental Agents in Pregnancy and Lactation: Embryology, Teratology, Epidemiology

Cited by 7 publications

References 244 publications

Severity of Birth Defects After Propylthiouracil Exposure in Early Pregnancy

Severity of Birth Defects After Propylthiouracil Exposure in Early Pregnancy

Environmental smoke exposure associated with increased prevalence of dental caries in low-income children

‘The opposite of a history’

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