Drugs of abuse and the elicitation of human aggressive behavior

Hoaken, Peter N. S.; Stewart, Sherry H.

doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2003.08.033

Cited by 342 publications

(276 citation statements)

References 136 publications

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“…One possible causal explanation is that alcohol reduces inhibitions and increases the sense of power for some people. 28 Another possible non-causal explanation is that people who drink are more likely to be aggressive, while drinking and aggression helps to explain the elevated risks found. Alternatively, people tend to drink in social situations, and such situations might increase the possibility of violence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alcohol and violence in the emergency department: a regional report from the WHO collaborative study on alcohol and injuries

Borges¹,

Orozco²,

Cremonte³

et al. 2008

Salud pública Méx

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ResumenObjetivo. Determinar el riesgo relativo (RR) de lesiones no intencionales y relacionadas con la violencia, asociadas al consumo de alcohol en tres Servicios de Urgencia de América Latina (2001)(2002). Material y métodos. Se usó un diseño case-crossover en 447 pacientes de Argentina (A), 489 de Brasil (B) y 455 de México (M). Resultados. El 46% de los casos relacionados a la violencia consumieron alcohol (vs. 11.5% de los no-violentos). El riesgo de una lesión relacionada con la violencia se incrementó con el consumo, y tuvo una RM= 15.0, intervalo de confianza al 95% (IC= 5.8-39.1), pero correspondió a 4.2 (IC= 2.7-6.5) para las lesiones nointencionales. Conclusiones. Mayores cantidades de alcohol tienen consecuencias en el riesgo de desencadenar una lesión, especialmente en lesiones relacionadas con la violencia. Los estimadores del RR que se presentan pueden ser usados como nuevas fuentes para estimadores de la carga de la enfermedad asociada al consumo de alcohol.Palabras clave: intoxicación alcohólica; epidemiología; méto-dos; América Latina; servicio de urgencia AbstractObjective. To determine the relative risk (RR) of non-fatal unintentional and violence-related injury associated with alcohol consumption in three emergency departments in Latin America (2001)(2002). Material and Methods. Pairmatched case-crossover was used to obtain RR estimates for alcohol in non-fatal injuries among 447 patients in Argentina (A), 489 in Brazil (B) and 455 in Mexico (M). Intentional (violence) or unintentional (non-violence) injury status were the main outcomes Results. About 46% of violence-related cases involved alcohol (versus 11.5% for non-violence related cases). The risk of violence-related injury increased with drinking and had an OR= 15.0 (95% confidence interval (CI), 5.8-39.1), with an OR= 4.2 (CI= 2.7-6.5) for unintentional injuries. Conclusions. Increasing amounts of drinking may have pronounced consequences on the risk of triggering an injury, especially for a violence-related injury. The RR estimates provided here can be useful for new estimates on alcohol and the burden of disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alcohol and violence in the emergency department: a regional report from the WHO collaborative study on alcohol and injuries

Borges¹,

Orozco²,

Cremonte³

et al. 2008

Salud pública Méx

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“…18 These cases usually describe people who have had adverse emotional and behavioural reactions to benzodiazepines. For example, one case study describes Ms. A., who attributed her uncharacteristic outbursts of anger to her use of the benzodiazepine alprazolam.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High levels of impulsivity may contraindicate midazolam premedication in children

Finley¹,

Stewart²,

Buffett-Jerrott³

et al. 2006

Can J Anesth/J Can Anesth

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Purpose:To investigate the effects of midazolam on emotional reactivity during induction of anesthesia in a pediatric day surgery setting. A secondary purpose was to determine if these effects were influenced by child temperament factors. Methods: Forty children (age four to six years) scheduled for myringotomy were randomly assigned, in a double blind fashion, to receive either oral midazolam 0.5 mg·kg -1 mixed with acetaminophen suspension or acetaminophen alone. The Emotionality, Activity, Sociability, and Impulsivity (EASI) scale was used as a measure of child temperament. The modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale (m-YPAS), an observer-rated measure of state anxiety, was employed to assess anxiety preand post-drug, and also at induction of anesthesia. Results: Children who received midazolam reacted significantly less to induction of anesthesia than did children in the placebo control group, F (1, 38) = 7.46, P = 0.01. A significant positive association was observed between baseline levels of anxiety and observer-rated anxiety at anesthetic induction, but only in the placebo group, r = 0.58, P < 0.01. A significant positive association was observed between levels of impulsivity at baseline and observer-rated anxiety at anesthetic induction, but only in the midazolam group, r = 0.42, P < 0.05. Conclusions: Midazolam dampened adverse reactivity during anesthetic induction, particularly among children with high baseline levels of anxiety. Baseline level of impulsivity was positively associated with adverse reactions to anesthesia induction in the drug group, but not in the placebo group, suggesting that high levels of trait impulsivity may contraindicate the use of midazolam as a preoperative medication. Objectif

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“…[1][2][3][4] These reports, along with others that have sampled patients in the general population, have concluded that alcohol use is associated with driving accidents, 5 violence, 6,7 suicide, 8 and inju--ries such as falls, trips and burns -that is, non-traffic injuries in general. [9][10][11][12][13][14] The unique feature of the case-crossover study is that this method allows the ef--fect of acute alcohol use to be separated from chronic effects of consumption (such as those that occur in people who abuse alcohol or are dependent on it).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Multicentre study of acute alcohol use and non-fatal injuries: data from the WHO collaborative study on alcohol and injuries

Borges

Cherpitel

Orozco

et al. 2006

Bull World Health Organ

120

121

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Objectives To study the risk of non-fatal injury at low levels and moderate levels of alcohol consumption as well as the differences in risk across modes of injury and differences among alcoholics. Methods Data are from patients aged 18 years and older collected in 2001-02 by the WHO collaborative study on alcohol and injuries from 10 emergency departments around the world (n = 4320). We used a case-crossover method to compare the use of alcohol during the 6 hours prior to the injury with the use of alcohol during same day of the week in the previous week. Findings The risk of injury increased with consumption of a single drink (odds ratio (OR) = 3.3; 95% confidence interval = 1.9-5.7), and there was a 10-fold increase for participants who had consumed six or more drinks during the previous 6 hours. Participants who had sustained intentional injuries were at a higher risk than participants who had sustained unintentional injuries. Patients who had no symptoms of alcohol dependence had a higher OR. Conclusion Since low levels of drinking were associated with an increased risk of sustaining a non-fatal injury, and patients who are not dependent on alcohol may be at higher risk of becoming injured, comprehensive strategies for reducing harm should be implemented for all drinkers seen in emergency departments.

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Drugs of abuse and the elicitation of human aggressive behavior

Cited by 342 publications

References 136 publications

Alcohol and violence in the emergency department: a regional report from the WHO collaborative study on alcohol and injuries

Alcohol and violence in the emergency department: a regional report from the WHO collaborative study on alcohol and injuries

High levels of impulsivity may contraindicate midazolam premedication in children

Multicentre study of acute alcohol use and non-fatal injuries: data from the WHO collaborative study on alcohol and injuries

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