Dry Etching of Copper Phthalocyanine Thin Films: Effects on Morphology and Surface Stoichiometry

Dijken, Jaron G. Van; Brett, Michael

doi:10.3390/molecules170910119

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…To better control the shape and size of the organic photoactive nanocolumns, Brett et al [103,395,403] thoroughly investigated the evolution of the morphology and porosity of a OAD-CuPc thin film using a pre-seeded ITO substrate (Fig. 5.8(C)) [103].…”

Section: Organic Solar Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perspectives on oblique angle deposition of thin films: From fundamentals to devices

Barranco

Borrás

González‐Elipe

et al. 2016

Progress in Materials Science

618

436

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a b s t r a c tThe oblique angle configuration has emerged as an invaluable tool for the deposition of nanostructured thin films. This review develops an up to date description of its principles, including the atomistic mechanisms governing film growth and nanostructuration possibilities, as well as a comprehensive description of the applications benefiting from its incorporation in actual devices. In contrast with other reviews on the subject, the electron beam assisted evaporation technique is analyzed along with other methods operating at oblique angles, including, among others, magnetron sputtering and pulsed laser or ion beam-assisted deposition techniques. To account for the existing differences between deposition in vacuum or in the presence of a plasma, mechanistic simulations are critically revised, discussing well-established paradigms such as the tangent or cosine rules, and proposing new models that explain the growth of tilted porous nanostructures. In the second part, we present an extensive description of applications wherein oblique-angle-deposited thin films are of relevance. From there, we proceed by considering the requirements of a large number of functional devices in which these films are currently being utilized (e.g., solar cells, Li batteries, electrochromic glasses, biomaterials, sensors, etc.), and subsequently describe how and why these nanostructured materials meet with these needs.

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Section: Organic Solar Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perspectives on oblique angle deposition of thin films: From fundamentals to devices

Barranco

Borrás

González‐Elipe

et al. 2016

Progress in Materials Science

618

436

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A material’s surface texture affects local surface area and surface energy and hence has tremendous effect on its utility . The effect of surface texture has inspired advances like superhydrophobic/superhydrophilic and self-cleaning materials. − High surface area also affects adsorption of small molecules and particles, hence, potential applications in catalysis and drug delivery. − Most methods that modify surface texture are additive, − subtractive, − or a combination of both. − Additive methods rely on introduction of chemi- or physisorbed adducts on the surface, whereas subtractive methods achieve this goal by selective partial removal of material to alter surface features. In addition, top-down, − bottom-up, , and interfacial methods − are also utilized to obtain characteristic surface patterns.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autonomous Thermal-Oxidative Composition Inversion and Texture Tuning of Liquid Metal Surfaces

et al. 2018

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Droplets capture an environment-dictated equilibrium state of a liquid material. Equilibrium, however, often necessitates nanoscale interface organization, especially with formation of a passivating layer. Herein, we demonstrate that this kinetics-driven organization may predispose a material to autonomous thermal-oxidative composition inversion (TOCI) and texture reconfiguration under felicitous choice of trigger. We exploit inherent structural complexity, differential reactivity, and metastability of the ultrathin (∼0.7-3 nm) passivating oxide layer on eutectic gallium-indium (EGaIn, 75.5% Ga, 24.5% In w/w) core-shell particles to illustrate this approach to surface engineering. Two tiers of texture can be produced after ca. 15 min of heating, with the first evolution showing crumpling, while the second is a particulate growth above the first uniform texture. The formation of tier 1 texture occurs primarily because of diffusion-driven oxide buildup, which, as expected, increases stiffness of the oxide layer. The surface of this tier is rich in Ga, akin to the ambient formed passivating oxide. Tier 2 occurs at higher temperature because of thermally triggered fracture of the now thick and stiff oxide shell. This process leads to inversion in composition of the surface oxide due to higher In content on the tier 2 features. At higher temperatures (≥800 °C), significant changes in composition lead to solidification of the remaining material. Volume change upon oxidation and solidification leads to a hollow structure with a textured surface and faceted core. Controlled thermal treatment of liquid EGaIn therefore leads to tunable surface roughness, composition inversion, increased stiffness in the oxide shell, or a porous solid structure. We infer that this tunability is due to the structure of the passivating oxide layer that is driven by differences in reactivity of Ga and In and requisite enrichment of the less reactive component at the metal-oxide interface.

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“…Several approaches have been used for comprehensive investigation of the buried interfaces, e.g. (i) step-by-step deposition and simultaneous investigation, 25 (ii) ion-etchingassisted examinations, 26 and (iii) synchrotron radiation-based photoelectron spectroscopy experiments. 27 Though these methods yield detailed information, they possess a number of disadvantages, like complicated setup combining processing technology with detection (i and iii), possible sample damage with the probability of selective etching (ii), and finally, the overall cost limits general accessibility.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Charge transfer quantification in a SnO_x/CuPc semiconductor heterostructure: investigation of buried interface energy structure by photoelectron spectroscopies

Krzywiecki

Grządziel

Sarfraz

et al. 2017

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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A tin oxide/copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) layer stack was investigated with two complementary photoemission methods. Non-destructive analysis of the electronic properties at the SnO/CuPc interface was performed applying angle-dependent measurements with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (ADXPS) and energy-resolved photoemission yield spectroscopy (PYS). The different components (related to oxide layer and organic overlayer as well as to contamination features) observed in the spectra were assigned to a particular layer by relative depth plot analysis. ADXPS allowed determination of the chemical and electronic structure of the investigated samples. The addition of the organic ultra-thin film to the oxide layer caused a significant increase of the structure's photoemission yield. The combination of ADXPS and PYS allowed determination of the work function of constituent layers, and charge transfer phenomena at the SnO/CuPc buried interface. An interface dipole of 0.23 eV was detected, assigned to charge transfer across the interface from the oxide layer towards the organic film. The energy level alignment at the SnO/CuPc interface was determined, and presented in a band-like diagram, together with depth-dependent changes of the core energy levels of the structure's constituents. Finally the role of the oxide's defect-related energy levels in the charge transfer was discussed. The results obtained exhibit significance ranging from investigation, basic understanding and application of such hybrid films. Application of these results in hybrid electronic devices can help understanding and furthering this technology.

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Dry Etching of Copper Phthalocyanine Thin Films: Effects on Morphology and Surface Stoichiometry

Cited by 7 publications

References 50 publications

Perspectives on oblique angle deposition of thin films: From fundamentals to devices

Perspectives on oblique angle deposition of thin films: From fundamentals to devices

Autonomous Thermal-Oxidative Composition Inversion and Texture Tuning of Liquid Metal Surfaces

Charge transfer quantification in a SnO_x/CuPc semiconductor heterostructure: investigation of buried interface energy structure by photoelectron spectroscopies

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Dry Etching of Copper Phthalocyanine Thin Films: Effects on Morphology and Surface Stoichiometry

Cited by 7 publications

References 50 publications

Perspectives on oblique angle deposition of thin films: From fundamentals to devices

Perspectives on oblique angle deposition of thin films: From fundamentals to devices

Autonomous Thermal-Oxidative Composition Inversion and Texture Tuning of Liquid Metal Surfaces

Charge transfer quantification in a SnOx/CuPc semiconductor heterostructure: investigation of buried interface energy structure by photoelectron spectroscopies

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Charge transfer quantification in a SnO_x/CuPc semiconductor heterostructure: investigation of buried interface energy structure by photoelectron spectroscopies