“Dry mouth” and “Flammer” syndromes—neglected risks in adolescents and new concepts by predictive, preventive and personalised approach

Abstract

For both-the target group (hyposalivation) and positive control group (periodontitis)-FS phenotype was demonstrated to be more specific compared to the disease-free (negative control) group. Moreover, self-reports provided by interviewed adolescents of the target group frequently recorded remarkable discomfort related to "dry mouth" syndrome, acute and chronic otorhinolaryngological infections and even delayed wound healing. Further, interviewed adolescents do worry about the symptoms which might be indicative for potential diseases; they are also amazed that too little attention is currently paid to the issue by caregivers. In conclusion, FS questionnaire linked to the "dry mouth" syndrome is strongly recommended for application in primary healthcare. Consequently, targeted preventive measures can be triggered early in life. For example, traditional, complementary and alternative medicine demonstrates positive therapeutic effects in individuals suffering from xerostomia. For in-depth diagnostics, epi/genetic regulations involved into pathophysiologic mechanisms of hyposalivation in FS-affected individuals should be thoroughly investigated at molecular level. Identified biomarker panels might be of great clinical utility for predictive diagnostics and patient stratification that, further, would sufficiently improve personalised care to the patient.

The circadian expression of osteogenic factors in periodontal tissue loading mechanical force: new concepts of the personalized orthodontic care

“…This research is especially relevant to the objectives of predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine (PPPM) given that, circadian rhythm affects bone formation, in turn, contribute to a periodicity-regulated OTM [36]. The results presented herein are used to guide further research, like accelerating the tooth movement rate by controlling peripheral oscillation.…”

Cell-free nucleic acid patterns in disease prediction and monitoring—hype or hope?

“…Imbalanced stress- and ischemia-related disorders, diabetes and cancer share several risk factors such as toxic environment, suboptimal life-style and dietary habits, specific phenotypes, vasospasm, accelerated ageing and abnormal body weight (both underweight and obesity), amongst others [ 9 , 10 , 13 , 113 , 229 – 232 ].…”

Microbial and metabolomic analysis of gingival crevicular fluid in general chronic periodontitis patients: lessons for a predictive, preventive, and personalized medical approach

“…Moreover, multi-omics might be a best choice for advanced diagnostic tools specifically utilizing liquid biopsies since these approaches are well justified by several recent studies [79]. 16s RNA gene sequencing and GC-MS tools assist us in determining how many bacteria species are present in a specimen, the quantity and ratio of each species, and the imputed functions and metabolic "fingerprint" of the gene expressions detected, suggesting that any patient's individual microbiome and metabolic information can be identified [2].…”

“…Specifically in terms of the results of this study, if the most direct biomarkers citramalic acid and N-carbamylglutamate in GCF both increase greatly compared with the previous ratio or are at a high level, the individual could be at risk of periodontitis or already have periodontitis or other related latent diseases. This forecasting then triggers targeted prevention early in life, such as increased attention to oral hygiene, mastering the correct method of brushing teeth, maintaining a healthy diet, adopting a healthier life style, or receiving more regular physical examinations [80]. If any disorder in oral microbiota appears or a disease is diagnosed, it may also help people develop a personalized treatment strategy such as the selection of proper individualized probiotic species.…”