Why Develop Cereal Side-Streams as New Protein Sources?There is a global need to increase dietary intake of plant protein to gain sustainability, food security, and nutritional benefits. The side-streams from cereal grain processing offer large quantities of underexploited raw materials with the potential for use in new plant-based food ingredients. Efficient use of these side-streams as food ingredients would improve processing and raw material efficiency. Moreover, the availability of new protein ingredients will create business opportunities for new plant-based food and protein product concepts and diversify consumer choices by providing new healthy food options.To harness the potential of cereal side-streams, technologically and economically feasible and sustainable technologies need to be developed for the concentration of proteins from solid and liquid material streams. Protein functionality must also be improved to develop new food concepts that meet consumer demands. New technologies are required at different processing stages. First, feasible and sustainable processes are needed to fractionate, concentrate, and isolate protein from solid and liquid cereal side-streams. Second, the technological functionality and sensory properties (e.g., solubility, emulsifying, and foaming ability) of protein-rich fractions need to be improved, and food concepts in which new protein ingredients are utilized either as performance proteins or as sources of dietary protein must be developed. At the same time, we must assess process scenarios in which protein ingredients are developed sustainably, and the basic socioeconomic performance of the product system must be evaluated. Finally, for the new business ecosystem to be viable, it is important to establish business cases, including new value chains in the food industry, for resource efficiency and sustainable plant-based protein ingredients.To realize these objectives, close collaboration throughout the value chain and new partnerships within the industry are needed. Companies from both the ingredient and food production sectors and research partners covering technology, research, and analytics should collaborate to generate novel technological concepts that will enable new business development.