Dry Reactive H₂O₂–Polymer Complexes for the Degradation of Mustard Gas

Abstract

We report an all-solid dry complex oxidizing agent against sulfur mustard (HD) and its simulant 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide. Polymer complexes of poly­(N-vinylpyrrolidone) with hydrogen peroxide were utilized as solid forms of H2O2. Like traditional peroxide solutions, this solid complex is capable of detoxifying HD upon contact but without the requisite of having a buffer or cosolvent and is found to undergo the asymmetric oxidation of the sulfide toward the sulfoxide. Moreover, mixing the polymer complex with a peroxide activator such as a molybdate was found to enhance the oxidation rate. Finally, we assess the stability of the complex at higher temperatures, ensuring its effectiveness at extreme global surface temperatures.

Fe-Doped MoS2 Nanozyme for Antibacterial Activity and Detoxification of Mustard Gas Simulant

“…The reported oxidizing agents are TiO 2 –SiO 2 powder, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), , porous-organic framework (POPs), and polyoxometalates (POMs). , The chloroperoxidase enzyme-based detoxification of mustard gas simulant was reported by Popiel and Nawała . Recently, Landers group has reported that dry reactive H 2 O 2 –polymer complex exhibits rapid decontamination of mustard gas . However, to the best of our knowledge, there is no report for the detoxification of sulfur mustard using peroxidase-like nanozyme.…”

“…72 Recently, Landers group has reported that dry reactive H 2 O 2 −polymer complex exhibits rapid decontamination of mustard gas. 73 However, to the best of our knowledge, there is no report for the detoxification of sulfur mustard using peroxidase-like nanozyme. Thus, we have employed the peroxidase-like catalytic activity of Fe@MoS 2 for the oxidative detoxification of mustard gas simulant, (2-chloroethyl) ethyl sulfide (CEES).…”

Decontamination of Mustard Gas with Processable Dry Reactive Polymers via Oxidation–Chlorination

“…Although polymer complexes of poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) mixed with hydrogen peroxide have been successfully developed for the rapid decontamination of HD in the "dry" all-solid state, the utilization of peroxide activators as an indispensable part makes the reaction condition relatively complicated. 40 In this regard, the design and controllable synthesis of reactive polymers that could achieve efficient oxidative degradation of HD in the solid phase is an important subject for the processable selfdecontamination protective materials. 28,41−43 The reactive polymer could be prepared by the modification of commercial polymers or polymerization of functional monomers.…”

“…Therefore, the self-decontamination function is more essential for clothing materials against HD. − Unfortunately, the hydrolysis of HD is severely limited by its relatively low solubility and the generation of thiodiglycol (TDG), bringing more challenges for the targeted reactive polymer design. − Until now, catalytic oxidation by decontamination agents has become a promising method for the self-detoxification of HD in practical applications. − N-halamine-modified commercial polymers have been proved to be capable of decontaminating 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (2-CEES, HD simulant), but the efficiency needs to be improved because researchers have focused more on protection performance. , Meanwhile, the detoxification efficiency of CEES was affected dramatically by the relative humidity, which could limit the activity for HD decontamination in all-solid state. Although polymer complexes of poly­(N-vinylpyrrolidone) mixed with hydrogen peroxide have been successfully developed for the rapid decontamination of HD in the “dry” all-solid state, the utilization of peroxide activators as an indispensable part makes the reaction condition relatively complicated . In this regard, the design and controllable synthesis of reactive polymers that could achieve efficient oxidative degradation of HD in the solid phase is an important subject for the processable self-decontamination protective materials. ,− The reactive polymer could be prepared by the modification of commercial polymers or polymerization of functional monomers.…”

A Zr-added Dawson-type poly(polyoxometalate)

“…Sulfur mustard (mustard gas or HD) is a powerful foaming agent that can cause blisters on the skin, irritate the respiratory tract and eyes, and even be fatal in high doses. 50,51 It is very necessary to develop efficient materials and methods capable of catalytically detoxifying sulfur mustard. 52 Given that the actual agent is highly toxic and not universally available, CEES, a sulfur mustard simulant with similar structural features and physical properties, is often chosen as the substrate to investigate the performance of catalysts.…”