The pin-on-disc wear behavior of nanostructured two-phase Fe 30 Ni 20 Mn 20 Al 30 and eutectic lamellar-structured Fe 30 Ni 20 Mn 35 Al 15 is compared emphasizing the influence of the microstructure and mechanical properties of alloys as well as the effect of test environment. Although the wear of both alloys was greater in oxygen-containing environments, eutectic Fe 30 Ni 20 Mn 35 Al 15 is less sensitive to oxygen than nanostructured Fe 30 Ni 20 Mn 20 Al 30 . Abrasive wear dominated during the wear in all cases, while plastic deformation also occurred during the wear of eutectic Fe 30 Ni 20 Mn 35 Al 15 . A tribolayer of zirconia, which was embedded in the surface of the wear pin, was characterized using a scanning transmission electron microscope equipped with an energy dispersive spectrometer.