Dry‐Soil Aggregate Stability as Influenced by Selected Soil Properties

Skidmore, E. L.; Layton, J. B.

doi:10.2136/sssaj1992.03615995005600020034x

Cited by 83 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Vários estudos relataram a importância da matéria orgânica (Roth et al, 1991;Bajracharya et al, 1992;Le Bissonnais & Arrouays, 1997), teor de argila (Krishna Murti et al, 1977;Kemper et al, 1987;Skidmore & Layton, 1992) e óxidos de ferro e alumínio (Krishna Murti et al, 1977;Bartoli et al, 1992) na promoção da estabilidade dos agregados. Em estudos relacionados com a estrutura do solo e erosão, o efeito do sistema radicular das plantas deve ser considerado, pois modifica a estabilidade dos agregados não só por meio de seus exsudados e da força exercida pelas raízes, mas também por meio da ação dos microrganismos quando da decomposição dos resíduos orgânicos.…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Relação entre a erodibilidade em entressulcos e estabilidade dos agregados

Albuquerque

Cassol

Reinert

2000

Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Solo

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Section: Resultsunclassified

Relação entre a erodibilidade em entressulcos e estabilidade dos agregados

Albuquerque

Cassol

Reinert

2000

Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Solo

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“…A study across 10 soils in Kansas by Skidmore and Layton (1992) showed that clay content was one of the most sensitive predictors of dry aggregate stability. Th e diff erential physical, chemical, and biological mechanisms by which organic and inorganic particles bind dry and wet aggregates in these soils deserve further research.…”

Section: Aggregate Properties That Infl Uence Soil Erodibility By Windmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional Study of No‐Till Impacts on Near‐Surface Aggregate Properties that Influence Soil Erodibility

Blanco‐Canqui

Mikha

Benjamin

et al. 2009

Soil Science Soc of Amer J

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The extent to which tillage systems modify the near‐surface soil aggregate properties affecting soil's susceptibility to erosion by water and wind is not well understood. We hypothesized that an increase in soil organic carbon (SOC) content with conservation tillage systems, particularly no‐till (NT), may improve near‐surface soil aggregate properties that influence soil erodibility. This regional study assessed changes in aggregate resistance to raindrops, dry aggregate wettability, and dry aggregate stability as well as their relationships with changes in SOC content. Four long‐term (>19 yr) tillage systems including moldboard plow (MP), conventional till (CT), reduced till (RT), and NT were chosen across the central Great Plains at Hays and Tribune, KS, Akron, CO, and Sidney, NE. The kinetic energy (KE) of raindrops required to disintegrate 4.75‐ to 8‐mm aggregates from NT soils equilibrated at −0.03 and −155 MPa matric potential was between two and seven times greater than that required for MP and CT soils in the 0‐ to 2‐cm depth in all soils. At the same depth, the water drop penetration time (WDPT) in aggregates from NT soils was four times greater at Akron and Hays and seven times greater at Sidney and Tribune compared with that in plowed soils. Aggregates from NT soils were more stable under rain and less wettable than those from plowed soils particularly in the surface 0 to 5 cm, but RT had lesser beneficial effects than NT management. The SOC content increased with NT over MP and CT and explained 35% of the variability across soils in aggregate wettability and 28% of the variability in resistance to raindrops in the 0‐ to 2‐cm depth. Aggregate wettability explained 47% of the variability across soils in KE of raindrops required for the disintegration of aggregates. No‐till management did not affect dry aggregate‐size distribution and stability except at Akron where mean weight diameter (MWD) in RT and NT was 50% lower than in MP management in the 0‐ to 2‐cm depth. Aggregates in MP and CT soils were either stronger or equally strong when dry but less stable when wet than in NT soils. Overall, NT farming enhanced near‐surface aggregate properties affecting erosion by water but had small or no effects on dry aggregate stability.

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“…Figure 9 shows that several months may go by with no measurable abrasion of the crust. Abrasion literature [Greeley and Iversen, 1985;Skidmore and Layton, 1992] emphasizes that the abrasion is proportional to the kinetic energy flux of the abrading particles. Since kinetic energy flux and horizontal sand mass flux q are both proportional to friction velocity cubed, the physical basis of the abrasion coefficient is established.…”

Section: Conceptual Model Of the Scrape Site As A Supplylimited Sourcementioning

confidence: 99%

Particle production and aeolian transport from a “supply‐limited” source area in the Chihuahuan desert, New Mexico, United States

Gillette¹,

Chen²

2001

J. Geophys. Res.

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Abstract. Wind erosion mechanisms were investigated for the "scrape site" at the Jornada Experimental Range near Las Cruces, New Mexico, in the Chihuahuan desert. The scrape site was denuded of vegetation and scraped flat in 1991. We adopted the site in 1994 because it offered an opportunity to study wind erosion mechanisms for a large area of unprotected sandy and crusted soil in an otherwise natural setting and over a period of several years. We installed and operated the following instrumentation for a period of 35 months' three meteorological towers, each 2 m in height, with wind speed sensors at 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 m above ground; air temperature at 0.2 and 2 m height; rain gauge; seven sets of particle collectors at 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 m heights; and three fastresponse particle mass flux sensors at 0.02, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.5 m heights; all along a transect crossing the site and parallel to the predominant southwesterly wind direction. The minimum threshold friction velocity for the scrape site with a thin layer of loose material was 25 cm s -•. This minimum threshold velocity increased to as high as 100 cm s -1 depending on the degree of particle depletion and the site's status which varied between supply unlimited just after a high wind episode and supply limited which was more typical for the rest of the time. The dominant mechanism producing fresh sediment for transport was sandblasting of the surface crust. The measurements showed that supply and availability of loose, fine particles on the surface is a strong control of rates of erosion rather than wind energy alone. IntroductionIn 1991 a unique study area for long-term wind erosion was created at the U.S. Department of Agriculture Jornada Experimental Range, a working ranch in a broad, sandy, and dry river valley northeast of Las Cruces, New Mexico. A large variety of vegetation types are present, including creosote bush, black gramma grass, and mesquite dune areas. This site was termed the "scrape site" because it was denuded of vegetation and scraped flat for a series of wind erosion experiments. In 1994 we adopted the site as part of a much larger LongTerm Ecological Research (LTER) project to quantify nutrient transport into and out of a desert ecosystem. The site was valuable in two ways: (1) being devoid of vegetation, it offered the opportunity to study wind erosion mechanisms for a large area of unprotected soil in an otherwise natural setting; and (2) because of the time span of LTER studies, these mechanisms could be studied over a period of several years. When we first visited the site in 1994, we had the following information: We hypothesized that the area was acting as a supply-limited source and designed a sampling program to investigate and answer our questions.

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Dry‐Soil Aggregate Stability as Influenced by Selected Soil Properties

Cited by 83 publications

References 6 publications

Relação entre a erodibilidade em entressulcos e estabilidade dos agregados

Relação entre a erodibilidade em entressulcos e estabilidade dos agregados

Regional Study of No‐Till Impacts on Near‐Surface Aggregate Properties that Influence Soil Erodibility

Particle production and aeolian transport from a “supply‐limited” source area in the Chihuahuan desert, New Mexico, United States

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