Dry Weight, Soluble Sugar Content, and Starch Content of Maize Kernels During the Early Postsilking Period

Tollenaar, M.; Daynard, T. B.

doi:10.4141/cjps78-029

Cited by 27 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…In maize, different treatments have been applied to increase the source-sink ratio relative to a control, but the approaches used were always difficult to be interpreted. The degraining treatment we imposed is novel, as it (i) did not alter the distribution of grains of different hierarchies in the ear, and (ii) had placebos, evidencing that there were no noticeable negative collateral effects of the treatments on the growth of the remaining grains (which considerably extends previous evidence that removing the husks did not affect grain weight; Tollenaar and Daynard, 1978). Both changes in plant density and controlled pollination (bagging ears at silking) may also affect grain weight potential, and then differences in grain size at maturity may better reflect these effects on grain size potential than the degree of source or sink limitation during the effective grain-filling period.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

“…This treatment would be critical in combination with heat stress to conclude whether any heat effects on grain growth are direct (on the capacity of grains to grow) or indirect (through reducing source strength by accelerating senescence). Tollenaar and Daynard (1978) and Gambín et al (2007) proved the feasibility of degraining treatments in maize, but, as mentioned above, their analysis was not focused on the effects of source-sink relationship on yield components. Jones and Simmons (1983) and Kiniry et al (1990) attempted a direct manipulation of sink strength by simply cutting the ear and removing the apical half at different days after silking.…”

Section: Hybrids Nitrogen Fertilization Regimes and Heat Stress Trementioning

confidence: 99%

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Maize Grain Weight Sensitivity to Source–Sink Manipulations under a Wide Range of Field Conditions

et al. 2018

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Physiological causes for grain weight determination in maize (Zea mays L.) are not clear. Source–sink relationships during grain filling modulate grain weight, and there are controversies regarding the degree of source limitation that may exist during grain filling. We aimed to analyze likely causes of the responsiveness of maize grain weight to defoliation and degraining treatments imposed 15 d after silking, quantifying the responsiveness of grain weight to these source–sink manipulations in a large number of field conditions (52 background conditions in which source–sink manipulations were imposed). Grain weight was largely unresponsive to increases in source availability but was diminished by defoliations in six out of seven experiments. Interestingly, grain weight reductions due to defoliation were not hierarchical (grains from different positions along the ear responded similarly) and were not worsened by imposing a simultaneous heat stress. Heat affected the grain growth capacity directly, and indirect effects (through reducing source strength due to accelerated senescence) were not evident. The penalty imposed by heat was neither increased by defoliation nor diminished by degraining, and the reduction in grain weight was similar for grains with different potential size. Our study reinforced the concept that maize yield is limited by the sink strength during grain filling, even when grain weight may respond to reductions in the grain filling source–sink ratio.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Section: Hybrids Nitrogen Fertilization Regimes and Heat Stress Trementioning

confidence: 99%

Maize Grain Weight Sensitivity to Source–Sink Manipulations under a Wide Range of Field Conditions

et al. 2018

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“…3). The balance of TEC presumably was starch (22). TEC were lower in leaves, stems, and reproductive stalks of -H20 plants relative to controls on d 6 (Fig.…”

Section: Developmentmentioning

confidence: 90%

Water Deficits and Reproduction in Maize

Westgate

Grant²

1989

Plant Physiol.

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Reproductive development in maize (Zea mays L.) is vulnerable to plant water deficits during anthesis but becomes less sensitive as reproduction progresses. To determine whether changes in tissue water status correlated with the change in sensitivity, we examined the water potential (',), osmotic potential (*I.), and turgor of reproductive tissues during a short-term water deficit imposed at anthesis or mid-grain fill. Plants were grown in controlled environments in soil. At anthesis, leaf, husk, silk, and ovary *, of control plants was similar (-0.5 to -0.65 megapascal) at midday. When water was withheld, I, decreased to -1.75, -1.3, -1.2, and -1.0 megapascal in these tissues. Net water uptake by the ovaries was inhibited, but final dry weight, solute content, and total extractable carbohydrates were similar to the controls. At mid-grain fill, leaf, husk, grain, and embryo *, of control plants were -0.55, -0.35, -0.75, and -0.80 megapascal at midday. When water was withheld, leaf and husk F' decreased to -2.4 and -1.4 megapascal within 6 days. However, grain and embryo *, remained within 0.15 megapascal of control values. The grain continued to accumulate dry matter despite a net loss of water and a reduction in total solute content. These results indicate that the response of the reproductive tissues to plant water deficits varies with stage of grain development. The maintenance of a favorable water status only after grain filling is under way may explain, at least in part, the high sensitivity to plant water deficits early in reproductive development and the decrease in sensitivity as reproduction progresses.

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“…Aborting kernels from cob pieces containing all 6 kernels may actually be more representative of aborting kernels from the tips of ears grown in the field than are kernels induced to abort by high temperature. Tollenaar and Daynard (20) found that aborting kernels from the tips of ears grown in the field also continued to accumulate starch even after the cessation of dry matter accumulation. Low assimilate supply may have prevented the aborting kernels cultured 6/cob piece from entering a period of linear dry matter accumulation.…”

Section: Days After Pollinationmentioning

confidence: 97%

Kernel Abortion in Maize

Hanft¹,

Jones²

1986

Plant Physiol.

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Kernels cultured in vitro were induced to abort by high temperature (35°C) and by culturing six kernels/cob piece. Aborting kernels failed to enter a linear phase of dry mass accumulation and had a final mass that was less than 6% of nonaborting field-grown kernels. Kernels induced to abort by high temperature failed to synthesize starch in the endosperm and had elevated sucrose concentrations and low fructose and glucose concentrations in the pedicel during early growth compared to nonaborting kernels. Kernels induced to abort by high temperature also had much lower pedicel soluble acid invertase activities than did nonaborting kernels. These results suggest that high temperature during the lag phase of kernel growth may impair the process of sucrose unloading in the pedicel by indirectly inhibiting soluble acid invertase activity and prevent starch synthesis in the endosperm. Kernels induced to abort by culturing six kernels/cob piece had reduced pedicel fructose, glucose, and sucrose concentrations compared to kernels from field-grown ears. These aborting kernels also had a lower pedicel soluble acid invertase activity compared to nonaborting kernels from the same cob piece and from field-grown ears. The low invertase activity in pedicel tissue of the aborting kernels was probably caused by a lack of substrate (sucrose) for the invertase to cleave due to the intense competition for available assimilates. In contrast to kernels cultured at 35°C, aborting kernels from cob pieces containing all six kernels accumulated starch in a linear fashion. These results indicate that kernels cultured six/cob piece abort because of an inadequate supply of sugar and are similar to apical kernels from field-grown ears that often abort prior to the onset of linear growth.

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Dry Weight, Soluble Sugar Content, and Starch Content of Maize Kernels During the Early Postsilking Period

Cited by 27 publications

References 10 publications

Maize Grain Weight Sensitivity to Source–Sink Manipulations under a Wide Range of Field Conditions

Maize Grain Weight Sensitivity to Source–Sink Manipulations under a Wide Range of Field Conditions

Water Deficits and Reproduction in Maize

Kernel Abortion in Maize

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