Drying of Malaysian<i>Capsicum annuum</i>L. (Red Chili) Dried by Open and Solar Drying

Fudholi, Ahmad; Othman, Masuri; Ruslan, Mohd Hafidz; Sopian, Kamaruzzaman

doi:10.1155/2013/167895

Cited by 108 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…A 0.29 kg/kWh was obtained for the specific moisture rate (SMER), was calculated using equation (4), which the weight of water evaporated from the palm oil fronds obtained using equation (5) was 62 kg. Use L ¼ 2383 kJ/kg (662 Wh/kg) for T ¼ 50 C as shown in Table 3 [20], t ¼ 22 h, and S ¼ 557 W/m 2 to equation (2) yielded a drying efficiency of 19%.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performances and improvement potential of solar drying system for palm oil fronds

et al. 2015

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a b s t r a c tIn this study, an indirect forced convection solar drying system was tested for drying of palm oil fronds. The drying of 100 kg of palm oil fronds via solar drying system reduced the moisture content from 60% (w.b) to 10% (w.b) in 22 h (3 d of drying). During the drying process, the daily mean values of the drying chamber inlet temperature, drying chamber outlet temperature, drying chamber air temperature, and solar radiation ranged from 26 C to 75 C, 25 Ce65 C, 26 Ce67 C, and 96 W/m 2 to 1042 W/m 2 respectively, with corresponding average values of 53 C, 46 C, 48 C, and 580 W/m 2 . At average solar radiation of about 600 W/m 2 and air flow rate 0.13 kg/s, the collector, drying system and pick-up efficiencies were found about 31%, 19% and 67% respectively. The specific moisture extraction rate (SMER) was 0.29 kg/kWh. The exergy efficiency varied between 10% and 73%, with an average of 47%. In addition, the improvement potential of solar drying system for palm oil fronds ranged from 8 W to 455 W, with an average of 172 W.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performances and improvement potential of solar drying system for palm oil fronds

et al. 2015

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“…An equation of the thermal efficiency of a solar collector ( η c ) is the ratio of useful heat gain the solar radiation acting on the solar collector and can be calculated as follows [24]:

\begin{matrix} η_{c} = \frac{M \cdot C (T_{normal0} - T_{i})}{A_{C} \cdot I} \times 100 . \end{matrix}

The system drying efficiency ( η p ) describing how effectively the input energy to the drying system is used in product drying. For collector type natural convection solar dryers, the heat supplied to the dryer is the solar radiation incident on the plane of solar collector and may be expressed as follows [25]:

\begin{matrix} η_{p} = \frac{W \cdot L}{A_{C} \cdot I} \times 100 . \end{matrix}

The quantity of moisture evaporated from the dried material could be calculated as mass of water evaporated from the product ( W ) and presented by the following equation [24]:

\begin{matrix} W = \frac{m_{0} (M_{i} - M_{f})}{100 - M_{f}} . \end{matrix}

Drying rate is a fundamental parameter in the evaluation of drying process. Kituu et al [11] evaluated the drying rate (DR) as the decrease of the water concentration during the time interval between two subsequent measurements divided by time interval.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Solar Drying Model for Selected Cambodian Fish Species

Hubackova

Kucerova

Chrun

et al. 2014

The Scientific World Journal

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A solar drying was investigated as one of perspective techniques for fish processing in Cambodia. The solar drying was compared to conventional drying in electric oven. Five typical Cambodian fish species were selected for this study. Mean solar drying temperature and drying air relative humidity were 55.6°C and 19.9%, respectively. The overall solar dryer efficiency was 12.37%, which is typical for natural convection solar dryers. An average evaporative capacity of solar dryer was 0.049 kg·h−1. Based on coefficient of determination (R 2), chi-square (χ 2) test, and root-mean-square error (RMSE), the most suitable models describing natural convection solar drying kinetics were Logarithmic model, Diffusion approximate model, and Two-term model for climbing perch and Nile tilapia, swamp eel and walking catfish and Channa fish, respectively. In case of electric oven drying, the Modified Page 1 model shows the best results for all investigated fish species except Channa fish where the two-term model is the best one. Sensory evaluation shows that most preferable fish is climbing perch, followed by Nile tilapia and walking catfish. This study brings new knowledge about drying kinetics of fresh water fish species in Cambodia and confirms the solar drying as acceptable technology for fish processing.

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“…The specific moisture extraction rate (SMER), which is the amount of moisture removed using one unit of energy, was calculated using the following equation as reported by Fudholi et al [17]:…”

Section: Estimation Of Moisture Extraction Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

Performance improvement studies in a solar greenhouse drier using sensible heat storage materials

Ayyappan¹,

Mayilsamy²,

Sreenarayanan³

2015

Heat Mass Transfer

103

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heat is stored when the material changes phase from solid to a liquid. Thermo-chemical storage is a technique, which involves chemical reactions.Sensible heat storage is the most simple and inexpensive way of energy storage system although there are few advantages of phase change energy storage over sensible heat storage, but the technological and economical aspects make sensible heat storage superior. Packed beds represent the most suitable storage units for air-based solar system. A packed bed storage system consists of loosely packed solid material through which the heat transport fluid is circulated. Heated fluid (usually air) flows from solar collectors into a bed of graded particles from top to bottom in which thermal energy is transferred during the charging phase.Solids have been reported as widely used storage materials on low temperature range. Energy can be stored up to 800 °C in sand, cast iron, steel, aluminium, aluminium oxide, magnesium oxide and granite. Metals have good conductive characteristics and thus require only a small heat transfer area. Sand and rocks on the other hand, need a relatively large heat transfer area. Solar greenhouse driers can be used very effectively for crop drying. Many studies have been conducted by the researchers in different regions of the world with different climatic conditions for the drying of fruits, vegetables, cereals, grains, oil seeds, spices, fish etc. using solar greenhouse dryer. Thermal energy storage either sensible or latent heat are required to improve the utility and performance of the solar greenhouse dryers. Many studies have been conducted by the researchers using various sensible heat storage materials like water tanks, gravel beds, ground, sand, concrete etc. where energy is stored in the form of sensible heat. Hasnain [1] reported that solid materials such as rocks, metals, concrete, sand and brick can be used for low as well as Abstract Experiments were conducted in a natural convection solar greenhouse dryer using different sensible heat storage materials (concrete, sand and rock-bed) in order to study their thermal performance. For both sand and rockbed, 4″ thickness was found to be optimum as it provides better drying environment both during day and night. The dryer reduced the moisture content of coconuts from 52 (w.b.) to 7 % (w.b.) using concrete as heat storage material in 78 h saving 55 % of drying time compared to open sun drying which takes 174 h for reducing the moisture content to the same level. The sand took 66 h saving 62 % of drying time whereas rock-bed took only 53 h thereby saving 69 % of drying time compared to open sun drying. The efficiency of the dryer was found to be 9.5, 11 and 11.65 % using concrete, sand and rock-bed respectively.

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Drying of MalaysianCapsicum annuumL. (Red Chili) Dried by Open and Solar Drying

Cited by 108 publications

References 34 publications

Performances and improvement potential of solar drying system for palm oil fronds

Performances and improvement potential of solar drying system for palm oil fronds

Development of Solar Drying Model for Selected Cambodian Fish Species

Performance improvement studies in a solar greenhouse drier using sensible heat storage materials

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