Drying Shrinkage, Sulphuric Acid and Sulphate Resistance of High-Volume Palm Oil Fuel Ash-Included Alkali-Activated Mortars

Huseien, Ghasan Fahim; Asaad, Mohammad Ali; Abadel, Aref A.; Ghoshal, Sib Krishna; Hamzah, Hussein K.; Benjeddou, Omrane; Mirza, Jahangir

doi:10.3390/su14010498

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 84 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Ranjbar et al [ 125 ] studied the compressive strength and microstructural analysis of FA-POFA-based geopolymer mortar and found that the increase in POFA/FA ratio increased the SiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 ratio leading to a decrease in early age strength and later gradual strength gains attributed to the reaction of aluminate species in early stages/scarcity of Al at later stages, and dominance in the reaction of silicate species at later stages. Similar results were obtained by [ 126 ], who attributed the loss in strength to a decrease in the dense gel formation and changes in crystallinity as the POFA replacement levels increased from 50–70% by weight of GGBFS. Figure 13 shows the FTIR of alkali-activated materials prepared with different levels of POFA.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Geopolymer: A Systematic Review of Methodologies

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The geopolymer concept has gained wide international attention during the last two decades and is now seen as a potential alternative to ordinary Portland cement; however, before full implementation in the national and international standards, the geopolymer concept requires clarity on the commonly used definitions and mix design methodologies. The lack of a common definition and methodology has led to inconsistency and confusion across disciplines. This review aims to clarify the most existing geopolymer definitions and the diverse procedures on geopolymer methodologies to attain a good understanding of both the unary and binary geopolymer systems. This review puts into perspective the most crucial facets to facilitate the sustainable development and adoption of geopolymer design standards. A systematic review protocol was developed based on the Preferred Reporting of Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist and applied to the Scopus database to retrieve articles. Geopolymer is a product of a polycondensation reaction that yields a three-dimensional tecto-aluminosilicate matrix. Compared to unary geopolymer systems, binary geopolymer systems contain complex hydrated gel structures and polymerized networks that influence workability, strength, and durability. The optimum utilization of high calcium industrial by-products such as ground granulated blast furnace slag, Class-C fly ash, and phosphogypsum in unary or binary geopolymer systems give C-S-H or C-A-S-H gels with dense polymerized networks that enhance strength gains and setting times. As there is no geopolymer mix design standard, most geopolymer mix designs apply the trial-and-error approach, and a few apply the Taguchi approach, particle packing fraction method, and response surface methodology. The adopted mix designs require the optimization of certain mixture variables whilst keeping constant other nominal material factors. The production of NaOH gives less CO2 emission compared to Na2SiO3, which requires higher calcination temperatures for Na2CO3 and SiO2. However, their usage is considered unsustainable due to their caustic nature, high energy demand, and cost. Besides the blending of fly ash with other industrial by-products, phosphogypsum also has the potential for use as an ingredient in blended geopolymer systems. The parameters identified in this review can help foster the robust adoption of geopolymer as a potential “go-to” alternative to ordinary Portland cement for construction. Furthermore, the proposed future research areas will help address the various innovation gaps observed in current literature with a view of the environment and society.

show abstract

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Geopolymer: A Systematic Review of Methodologies

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Therefore, the selection of suitable proportions of the mineral admixtures is very important to optimize the performance of GPMs. It was shown that the inclusion of FA can enable the formation of some 3D networked N-A-S-H gels, restraining the shrinkage of C-A-S-H gels [ 58 ]. According to Humad et al [ 59 ], the addition of FA in the AAS mixture can significantly mitigate its autogenous shrinkage without exhibiting considerable effects on its drying shrinkage.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…So far, only a few studies have suggested that the incorporation of FA in the geopolymer matrix can enhance the shrinkage of GPMs [ 55 ]. The effects of FA addition on the drying shrinkage were attributed mainly to the increased porosity and reduced tortuosity of GPMs [ 58 , 60 , 61 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Sulfate and Sulfuric Acid on Efficiency of Geopolymers as Concrete Repair Materials

Alyousef

Ebid

Huseien

et al. 2022

Gels

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Various geopolymer mortars (GPMs) as concrete repairing materials have become effective owing to their eco-friendly properties. Geopolymer binders designed from agricultural and industrial wastes display interesting and useful mechanical performance. Based on this fact, this research (experimental) focuses on the feasibility of achieving a new GPM with improved mechanical properties and enhanced durability performance against the aggressive sulfuric acid and sulfate attacks. This new ternary blend of GPMs can be achieved by combining waste ceramic tiles (WCT), fly ash (FA) and ground blast furnace slag (GBFS) with appropriate proportions. These GPMs were designed from a high volume of WCT, FA, and GBFS to repair the damaged concretes existing in the construction sectors. Flexural strength, slant shear bond strength, and compatibility of the obtained GPMs were compared with the base or normal concrete (NC) before and after exposure to the aggressive environments. Tests including flexural four-point loading and thermal expansion coefficient were performed. These GPMs were prepared using a low concentration of alkaline activator solution with increasing levels of GBFS and FA replaced by WCT. The results showed that substitution of GBFS and FA by WCT in the GPMs could enhance their bond strength, mechanical characteristics, and durability performance when exposed to aggressive environments. In addition, with the increase in WCT contents from 50 to 70%, the bond strength performance of the GPMs was considerably enhanced under sulfuric acid and sulfate attack. The achieved GPMs were shown to be highly compatible with the concrete substrate and excellent binders for various civil engineering construction applications. It is affirmed that the proposed GPMs can efficiently be used as high-performance materials to repair damaged concrete surfaces.

show abstract

“…Hence, environmental activists and concerned officials in different nations have been inspiring the cement sector to decrease its release of carbon dioxide [ 6 , 7 , 8 ]. There are two methods of reducing the utilization of cement, the 1st is the usage of blended cement, and the 2nd is the usage of alkali-activated granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS) [ 9 ], rice husk ash (RHA) [ 10 ], fly ash (FA) [ 11 ], palm ash [ 4 , 12 , 13 ], or any other material with rich aluminosilicates [ 14 ]. Using alkali-activated materials [ 11 ] uses less energy and decreases carbon dioxide’s outflow.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Alkali-Activated Slag-Based Composite Incorporating Dehydrated Cement Powder and Red Mud

et al. 2023

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Recycled construction cementitious materials (RCCM) and red mud (RM) could be considered a type of discarded material with potential cementitious properties. Generally, landfilling and stacking are utilized to dispose of this type of solid waste, which can be detrimental to the environment and sustainability of the construction sector. Accordingly, a productive process for making eco-efficient alkali-activated slag-based samples with the inclusion of RCCM and red mud is studied in this paper. Dehydrated cement powder (DCP) is attained through the high-temperature treatment of RCCM, and red mud can be obtained from the alumina industry. Subsequently, DCP and RM are utilized as a partial substitute for granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS) in alkali-activated mixtures. Two different batches were designed; the first batch had only DCP at a dosage of 15%, 30%, 45%, and 60% as a partial substitute for GBFS, and the second batch had both DCP and RM at 15%, 30%, 45%, and 60% as a partial substitute for GBFS. Different strength and durability characteristics were assessed. The findings show that when both dehydrated cement powder and red mud are utilized in high quantities, the strength and durability of the specimens were enhanced, with compressive strength improving by 42.2% at 28 days. Such improvement was obtained when 7.5% each of DCP and RM were added. The results revealed that DCP and RM have a negative effect on workability, whilst they had a positive impact on the drying shrinkage as well as the mechanical strength. X-ray diffraction and micro-structural analysis showed that when the amount of DCP and RM is increased, a smaller number of reactive products forms, and the microstructure was denser than in the case of the samples made with DCP alone. It was also confirmed that when DCP and RM are used at optimized dosages, they can be a potential sustainable binder substitute; thus, valorizing wastes and inhibiting their negative environmental footprint.

show abstract

Drying Shrinkage, Sulphuric Acid and Sulphate Resistance of High-Volume Palm Oil Fuel Ash-Included Alkali-Activated Mortars

Cited by 13 publications

References 84 publications

Geopolymer: A Systematic Review of Methodologies

Geopolymer: A Systematic Review of Methodologies

Effects of Sulfate and Sulfuric Acid on Efficiency of Geopolymers as Concrete Repair Materials

Investigation of Alkali-Activated Slag-Based Composite Incorporating Dehydrated Cement Powder and Red Mud

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About