Dryland Rivers: Their Ecology, Conservation and Management

Davies, B. R.; Thoms, Martín; Walker, Keith F.; O’Keeffe, J. H.; Gore, Jeff

doi:10.1002/9781444313871.ch25

Cited by 88 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The spatio-temporal dynamics of vegetation are, therefore, largely determined by available water [68][69][70][71][72][73]. Not surprisingly, biotic diversity is concentrated in riparian areas [74,75].…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic consequences of postglacial colonization by the endemic Yarkand hare (Lepus yarkandensis) of the arid Tarim Basin

Shan

Liu

et al. 2011

Chin. Sci. Bull.

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Orogenesis of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, which occurred in a stepwise manner, contributed to the extreme aridity of the Tarim Basin, resulting in vulnerable and unstable ecosystems. Quaternary climatic oscillations may have affected the ecosystems and, consequently, the distributions and genetic structuring of the Tarim Basin's biota. We used nucleotide sequence data from 2 mitochondrial (mt) DNA genes (Cyt b and the D-loop) to test hypotheses associated with the matrilineal and demographical histories of the Tarim Basin's endemic Yarkand hare (Lepus yarkandensis). Range-wide sampling involving 20 populations and 224 individuals detected 126 haplotypes that clustered into 5 major lineages in both the phylogenetic tree and median-joining network. Populations from the northern and eastern Tarim Basin shared a similar history, as did those from the western and southern regions. Demographical analysis and genetic diversity estimations suggested that the western and southern regions might have served as glacial refugia for the Yarkand hare during Quaternary climatic oscillations. The distribution of the Yarkand hare, especially in the northern and eastern parts, probably represented 3 postglacial colonization events, dated to 0.21, 0.090 and 0.054 MYA, which corresponded to known interglacial periods. Given the relatively complete geographic isolation between the eastern and southern populations, the Yarkand hare likely dispersed during postglacial periods from the southwest to the north, and then onward to the east. The absence of water likely forced the species into refugia, and this differed from other Pleistocene biogeographical drivers. The demographical and historical patterns have important implications for conservation. Chinese Sci Bull, 2011, 56: 1370−1382, doi: 10.1007 Pleistocene climatic changes imposed significant range shifts on many Palearctic biota, and contributed to their demographic history and genetic diversity [1]. Many temperate species existed only in refugia at times of glacial maxima, and recolonized or expanded into newly available habitats during interglacial periods [2,3]. Quaternary evolutionary histories of European and North American biota *These authors contributed equally to this work †Corresponding authors

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Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic consequences of postglacial colonization by the endemic Yarkand hare (Lepus yarkandensis) of the arid Tarim Basin

Shan

Liu

et al. 2011

Chin. Sci. Bull.

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“…Samantha Capon made the map figure. Funding was atively little attention by limnologists compared to rivers and streams of more humid regions (Davies et al 1994). Dryland rivers tend to have extremely variable flow regimes (Puckridge et al , 2000, and they typically experience irregular flow pulses for a few months or less each year.…”

Section: Acknowledgmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistence of aquatic refugia between flow pulses in a dryland river system(Cooper Creek, Australia)

Hamilton

Bunn

Thoms

et al. 2005

Limnology & Oceanography

100

101

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In many dryland rivers with intermittent flow, relatively deep segments of the river channel serve as refugia for aquatic life during protracted intervals between flows. Semipermanent channel segments are known as waterholes in the semiarid Cooper Creek system of western Queensland. Fractional water loss by evaporation was estimated in 15 Cooper waterholes from the increase in conservative ion (Na ϩ and Cl Ϫ ) concentrations and independently from evaporative fractionation of oxygen and hydrogen isotopes in water. The major solute chemistry and isotope results indicated that evaporative water loss controlled the water levels between flows and that the surface waters were effectively isolated from underlying groundwater that had a distinctive chemical and isotopic composition. Fractional water loss rates combined with stage-volume relationships for each basin showed a mean evaporative loss rate of 2.1 m yr Ϫ1 ; during that time (April-October 2002), pan evaporation averaged 2.5 m yr Ϫ1. Site-specific extrapolation of those estimated evaporative loss rates indicated that the waterholes would dry to 10% of their bankfull volumes in 6-23 months, although those estimates were based on sampling in 2002, when pan evaporation rates were 18% higher than the long-term mean. These persistence times show the importance of occasional, irregular flow pulses in sustaining these aquatic refugia; the desiccation of waterholes could become more common if future water withdrawals reduce the frequency and intensity of river flows to the point where they occur less often than annually.

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“…On a catchment scale, regulatory structures fragment hydrological and ecological processes while limiting the lateral connectivity (Nilsson et al 2005). Particularly, in dryland rivers, there is a significant difference in the hydrology of weir pools versus midand upper reaches (Davies et al 1995). This may be seen as analogous with the serial discontinuity concept, which argues that major regulatory mechanisms, e.g.…”

Section: Longitudinal Patterns In Carbon Cyclingmentioning

confidence: 97%

Flow variability and longitudinal characteristics of organic carbon in the Lachlan River, Australia

Moran

Ganf

Wallace

et al. 2014

Mar. Freshwater Res.

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Abstract. Heterotrophic organic-carbon cycling is a major source of energy to aquatic food webs, yet there are few studies into patterns of heterotrophic productivity in large lowland rivers. The Lachlan River experienced a period of extreme flow variability from September 2010 to February 2011; for example, daily discharge (ML day À1) at one site reached .22 times its 10-year average. Heterotrophic cycling of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and particulate organic carbon (POC) were assessed over this period at six sites on the Lachlan River. Concentrations of total organic carbon (TOC) ranged from 7 to 30 mg L À1 , of which the majority was in dissolved form. Concentration of DOC was positively correlated with daily discharge. Biochemical oxygen demand of TOC over 5 days (BOD 5 ) showed significant variability, ranging from 0.6 to 6.6 mg O 2 L À1 . BOD 5 did not appear related to discharge, but instead to a range of other factors, including regulation via weirs, lateral and longitudinal factors. Partitioning of DOC and POC showed that POC had an influence on BOD 5 comparable to DOC. This is relevant to environmental-flow management in the Lachlan River, the Murray-Darling Basin and rivers generally, by showing that flow variability influences a fundamental ecosystem characteristic, namely organic carbon.

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Dryland Rivers: Their Ecology, Conservation and Management

Cited by 88 publications

References 19 publications

Genetic consequences of postglacial colonization by the endemic Yarkand hare (Lepus yarkandensis) of the arid Tarim Basin

Genetic consequences of postglacial colonization by the endemic Yarkand hare (Lepus yarkandensis) of the arid Tarim Basin

Persistence of aquatic refugia between flow pulses in a dryland river system(Cooper Creek, Australia)

Flow variability and longitudinal characteristics of organic carbon in the Lachlan River, Australia

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