DSC, X-ray and magnetic studies on electroless Ni-P films grown in alkaline ethanolamine baths

Sintering and Phase Evolution of Electroless‐Nickel‐Coated Alumina Powder

“…Among these possible nickel phosphides, Ni 3 P was the final stable phosphide after annealing at Ն300°C. [11][12][13][14] Parallel to these reports, Ni 3 P, Ni 5 P 2 , and Ni 12 P 5 were found to exist in all the sintered samples in the present study and Ni 3 P was the most-prevalent nickel phosphide.…”

“…The structure of as-deposited EN layers is affected by the phosphorus content and the processing methods. [10][11][12][13] Generally, EN layers with a low phosphorus content exhibit a crystalline or microcrystalline structure, whereas those with a high phosphorus content are amorphous. The composition boundary for the structural change is believed to be ∼6-7 wt% of phosphorus.…”

“…The crystallization of EN upon heating to Յ1000°C has been studied extensively. [11][12][13][14] Several nickel phosphides, including Ni 3 P, Ni 5 P 2 , Ni 12 P 5 , NiP 2 , Ni 7 P 3 , and NiP 2 were identified. Among these possible nickel phosphides, Ni 3 P was the final stable phosphide after annealing at Ն300°C.…”

Structure and phase transformation behavior of electroless Ni–P alloys containing tin and tungsten

“…The low temperature peak around 300 • C in ternary Ni-W-P and quaternary Ni-W-Sn-P coatings could be attributed to the structural relaxation such as annihilation of point defects and dislocations within the grains and grain boundary zones [24]. The splitting of the second major crystallization peak in Ni-W-Sn-P alloy could be attributed to the difference in activation energies for crystallization from partially crystallized matrix and amorphous matrix or the first peak was due to the precipitation of nickel crystallite and the second peak was due to the nickel phosphide precipitation [27,28]. The peak obtained at 420 • C for binary Ni-P could be attributed to the decomposition of the remaining phosphorus rich matrix into the equilibrium phases of Ni + Ni 3 P. It indicates that metastable state of the Ni-P alloy exists before reaching the stable, equilibrium state [31].…”

“…From the XPS results it was concluded that W is present as a mixed oxidation state and also elemental W more in the case of nickel chloride-based baths compared to nickel sulphate ones. Numerous studies on thermal stability of Ni-P alloys with different phosphorus content were reported [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32]. It was reported that W addition in Ni-P matrix increased the phase transformation temperature [32,33], and as a result, enhanced thermal stability of ternary Ni-W-P alloy.…”