DSM-IV and DSM-5 social anxiety disorder in the Australian community

Crome, Erica; Grove, Rachel; Baillie, Andrew; Sunderland, Matthew; Teesson, Maree; Slade, Tim

doi:10.1177/0004867414546699

Cited by 82 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Consistent with previous reports [118,122,124,127], most affective disorders were significantly comorbid (Table 5, Supplementary Document 3) and the non-significant associations may be explained by the low prevalence of manic episodes and agoraphobia (yielding low statistical power). In addition, MDD was also associated with presence of psychotic symptoms, previously reported in an Australian sample [139] and in a world-wide mega-analysis [140].…”

Section: 015▲supporting

confidence: 90%

“…Our prevalence rate for Social Anxiety was higher than previously reported in Australia [121,124], New Zealand [120] and the US [125], but similar to the prevalence estimated on Australian twins [126]. Age of onset for social anxiety in the 19Up was similar to previous reports [120,122,123].…”

Section: 015▲supporting

confidence: 89%

“…In our sample, comorbidities were widespread across the diagnoses (Table 5, Supplementary Document 3) consistent with previous epidemiological results [40,118,122,124,129,[138][139][140] and explained in part by genetic correlations between psychiatric diagnoses [10,11]. Thus, about 65.2% of our sample met the criteria for at least one DSM-5 diagnosis, with 29.3% of these reporting a second lifetime diagnoses, and 11.5% having 3 or more comorbid diagnoses.…”

Section: 015▲supporting

confidence: 88%

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Breaking down the genetics of depression using brain endophenotypes

Couvy‐Duchesne¹

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The Queensland Brain Institute 2 Thesis AbstractThe objective of the work presented in this thesis was to extend our understanding of depression aetiology and to identify brain MRI endophenotypes of depression. Our work builds on previous research that highlighted the genetic relationships between stress, sex and depression. In addition, MRI measurements are heritable and do not relying on selfreport. As such, they represent promising endophenotypes that could help break down further the genetics of depression.Preliminary work involved reporting depression prevalence in a young adult Australian twin sample (N=2,773) as well as comorbidity with affective and substance use disorders (Chapter 1). In addition, we demonstrated the good psychometric properties of the SPHERE questionnaire, which provides self-reported measures of anxiety-depression and chronic fatigue. Properties of the scores include: i) stochastic ordering on the sum score, ii) limited sex and age bias through adolescence, iii) high internal consistency, iv) good 3 months test-retest, v) moderate heritability, vi) significant association with lifetime MDD, social anxiety and alcohol dependence diagnoses (Chapter 2).In an older sample of Australian twins (N=5,221, Chapter 3), we performed a direct test of the diathesis-stress hypothesis in depression, which states that stressors can mediate the effect of genetic predisposition (diathesis) on the disease risk. We used Polygenic Risk Scores as a measure of diathesis and report a significant interaction with personal stressful life events, supporting the idea that stress and predisposition have a multiplicative effect on the depression liability scale. This interaction may be different between sexes as suggested by the stratified analysis.We then performed 3 analyses of resting-state fMRI from which we showed that: 1) Head motion (HM) is reliable and heritable in addition to being a major confound in fMRI analyses. However, this is unlikely to greatly confound twin studies of resting-state functional connectivity (FC). As a by-product of the analysis we showed that FC in the Broca's areas networks exhibited low to moderate test-retest and heritability (Chapter 4).2) HM is phenotypically and genetically associated with ADHD scores of Inattention and Hyperactivity/Impulsivity. This leads to most head motion image processing options to reduce power and/or to induce a sampling bias in RS-fMRI studies of ADHD. We discussed ways of circumventing this problem, via volume pruning or multivariate analysis (Chapter 5). 33) Nuisance regression (global signal regression, CompCor and HM regression) options in RS-fMRI processing have a moderate impact on the test-retest of regional homogeneity. Independently of the processing options, the low to moderate intra-class coefficients estimated in our sample may be due to insufficient scanning time (5mins 20s) and would impair our statistical power to detect RS-fMRI endophenotypes of depression (Chapter 6).Rather, we focused on structural brain images and contributed sample...

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Section: 015▲supporting

confidence: 90%

Section: 015▲supporting

confidence: 89%

Section: 015▲supporting

confidence: 88%

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Breaking down the genetics of depression using brain endophenotypes

Couvy‐Duchesne¹

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“…Studies have also noted that just over 20% of people reporting social anxiety disorder as their primary concern, sought treatment, most commonly through general practitioners. This highlights the need to improve the identification, treatment and referral of people with significant social anxiety by general practitioners and other mental health professionals where people with social anxiety typically present [5]. Very few studies are done in developing countries, especially in India.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social Anxiety Disorder – Socio-economic And Environmental Factors Of The Silent Disorder

Raje¹,

Bhat²,

Khan³

et al. 2017

IJMH

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Introduction: Social Anxiety Disorder of SAD is an anxiety disorder which is the third most prevalent psychiatric disorder. However, it remains to be one of the least understood illnesses. It is often referred to as the silent disorder since very few people approach for treatment as a result of the attached stigma and lack of understanding. A study was conducted to explore the prevalence of SAD in a medical college of Maharashtra. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted in field practice area of a medical college in Maharashtra. Study population consisted of people from age group 11-25 years. Accordingly, two out of 4 secondary schools were selected at random and data for all the children in the required age group was collected after obtaining permission of the school principal. Online survey forms were made available to college students for collecting data between age group 18 -25 years. Result: Prevalence of SAD was least (16%) in the age group 15-17 years and maximum in 22-25 years of age group. Increase in trend of severity was seen with increasing age group and is statistically significant. Conclusion: There is a need for more vigorous efforts to recognize and treat SAD at an educational level. There is no doubt that appropriate intervention will be helpful to prevent the disorder or, more realistically, improve the quality of life for those who suffer from SAD.

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“…In social situations, SAD individuals fear that they will humiliate or embarrass themselves, hence avoiding or enduring such situations with intense distress. SAD has a lifetime prevalence rate of 8.4% in Australia and is associated with considerable suffering and functional impairment (Crome et al., ).…”

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confidence: 99%