“…For performance evaluation, four engineering design problems including, (1) pressure vessel design, (2) rolling element bearing design, (3) tension/compression spring design, and (4) cantilever beam design, are used. The MHDE algorithm is compared with respect to some of the well-known algorithms including, artificial rabbit optimization (ARO) 55 , taguchi search algorithm (TSA) 56 , multi-strategy chameleon algorithm (MCSA) 56 , hybrid particle swarm optimization (HPSO) 57 , equilibrium optimizer (EO) 21 , evolution strategies (ES) 58 , grasshopper optimization algorithm (GOA) 59 , ( ) evolutionary search (ES) 60 , harris hawk optimizer (HHO) 56 , cuckoo search (CS) 55 , GCAII 55 , ant colony optimization (ACO) 55 , co-evolutionary DE (CDE) 60 , bacterial foraging optimization algorithm (BFOA) 61 , symbiotic optimization search (SOS) 62 , passing vehicle search (PVS) 63 , meerkat optimization algorithm (MOA) 64 , red panda optimizer (RPO) 65 , mine blast algorithm (MBA) 66 , moth flame optimizer (MFO) 56 , thermal exchange optimization (TEO) 67 , GCAI 55 , co-evolutionary differential evolution (CDE) 60 , seagull optimization algorithm (SOA) 68 , co-evolutionary particle swarm optimization approach (CPSO) 57 , and dynamic opposition strategy taylor-based optimal neighbourhood strategy and crossover operator (DTCSMO) 69 .…”