Dual Antioxidant Properties and Organic Radical Stabilization in Cellulose Nanocomposite Films Functionalized by In Situ Polymerization of Coniferyl Alcohol

Abstract

A new biobased material based on an original strategy using lignin model compounds as natural grafting additive on a nanocellulose surface through in situ polymerization of coniferyl alcohol by the Fenton reaction at two pH values was investigated. The structural and morphological properties of the materials at the nanoscale were characterized by a combination of analytical methods, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, liquid chromatography combined with mass spectrometry, nuclear molecular resonance spectroscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, water sorption capacity by dynamic vapor sorption, and atomic force microscopy (topography and indentation modulus measurements). Finally, the usage properties, such as antioxidant properties, were evaluated in solution and the nanostructured casted films by radical 2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•) scavenging tests. We demonstrate the structure–function relationships of these advanced CNC-lignin films and describe their dual functionalities and characteristics, namely, their antioxidant properties and the presence of persistent phenoxy radicals within the material.

Influence of Surface Chemistry of Fiber and Lignocellulosic Materials on Adhesion Properties with Polybutylene Succinate at Nanoscale

“…Playing with the plant fiber sources and their lignin content, it may be possible to design composites with their mechanical performance tuned to the intended use. Some previous efforts have been made in this field, such as the continuous attempt of improving the interfacial adhesion properties between PBS and lignin [ 38 ], which may be of further interest for many industrial applications, such as packaging [ 39 ], tissue engineering [ 40 ], or the implementation of more effective antibacterial treatments [ 41 , 42 ], among others.…”

Investigation of Soft Matter Nanomechanics by Atomic Force Microscopy and Optical Tweezers: A Comprehensive Review

“…Then, Young’s modulus can be obtained from Equation (1). Tensile testing experiments have been carried out to address the mechanical properties of biodegradable cornstarch- [ 112 ], starch/dolomite- [ 113 ] or lignocellulosic- [ 114 , 115 ] based polymers, hydrogels made by carbon dots, hydroxyapatite and polyvinyl acetate [ 116 ] or chitosan-poly (acrylic acid-co-acrylamide) double network [ 117 ], natural-rubber-modified flame-retardant organic montmorillonite [ 118 ] or chlorhexidine-loaded poly (amido amine) [ 119 ] dendrimers, blends consisting of fibrillar polypropylene and polyethylene terephthalate [ 120 ] or poly ε-caprolactone/poly-(lactide-co-ε-caprolactone (PLCL) [ 121 ], polyurethane [ 122 ] and polyethylene [ 123 ] foams, organosilicone elastomer liquid crystals [ 124 ], and skeletal muscle tissues [ 125 ] or PLCL layered sheets with mesenchymal stem cells [ 126 ].…”

Modification Strategies of Kapok Fiber Composites and Its Application in the Adsorption of Heavy Metal Ions and Dyes from Aqueous Solutions: A Systematic Review

“…The Fenton reaction (Equation (1)) uses a combination of hydrogen peroxide and a ferrous or ferric salt that reacts with cellulose and lignin [ 96 ]. For the degradation of organic substrates, this method either depolymerizes or polymerizes the cellulose and lignin of fibers under acidic conditions (pH > 4) [ 97 , 98 ] whereby the reaction occurs between hydrogen on organic material and the hydroxyl radical (Equation (2)).…”